Global Ingredient Risk Index Vitamin

Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate)

Retinyl palmitate

Also known as: retinyl palmitate, vitamin A palmitate, preformed vitamin A ester

27 მარ 2026

MODERATE RISK 5.0/10 How?

This ingredient is classified as unclassified risk (GIRI score: 5.0/10).

Known Safety Concerns

Teratogenic at high doses -- contraindicated in pregnancy
Fat-soluble -- accumulates in liver with excess intake
UL 3,000 mcg RAE per day -- easily exceeded when stacking supplements
Increased fracture risk at chronic high intakes above 1,500 mcg per day

Contraindications

Teratogenic at high doses -- contraindicated in pregnancy
Fat-soluble -- accumulates in liver with excess intake

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Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Retinyl palmitate is the most common ester form of preformed vitamin A used in supplements and fortified foods. Like retinol, it is fat-soluble and accumulates in the liver with excess intake. Teratogenic at high doses in pregnancy. The UL is 3,000 mcg RAE per day for adults. Widely used in multivitamins and skin supplements.

Scientific Name: Retinyl palmitate

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Scientific Confidence Low

Evidence Strength Limited

Key Benefit Vitamin

Key Safety Concern Teratogenic at high doses -- contraindicated in pregnancy

Evidence Reviewed 10 PubMed studies

Scientific Confidence Low

Based on study quality, consistency, and recency

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Evidence Strength Limited

Main Benefit Vitamin

Main Safety Concern Teratogenic at high doses -- contraindicated in pregnancy

Ingredient Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate)

Scientific name Retinyl palmitate

Scientific Evidence Overview

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
Main clinical benefit observed: Vitamin
Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)

Safety Signals

Teratogenic at high doses -- contraindicated in pregnancy
Fat-soluble -- accumulates in liver with excess intake
UL 3,000 mcg RAE per day -- easily exceeded when stacking supplements
Increased fracture risk at chronic high intakes above 1,500 mcg per day

Evidence Strength Limited

Final Scientific Assessment

The available scientific evidence for Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate) indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.

Ingredient Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate)

Evidence reviewed 10 peer-reviewed studies (last 10 years)

Scientific name Retinyl palmitate

50 /100

Total SETI Score

High risk

Evidence quality	10/40
Evidence consistency	20/20
Safety signals	0/20
Study recency	10/10
Evidence transparency	10/10

Evidence Summary

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)

Evidence Policy

Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.

Last updated: 24 მარ 2026, 07:53

Evidence Distribution

10 Other / unclassified

Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
State-of-the-art on absorption mechanisms and factors affecting the bioavailability of preformed vitamin A. ↗

PMID 41850408 ↗

Journal Prog Lipid Res

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41850408/

Borel P et al.. State-of-the-art on absorption mechanisms and factors affecting the bioavailability of preformed vitamin A.. Prog Lipid Res. 2026. PMID:41850408.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Non-Fat Fermented Milk Enhanced the Bioavailability of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Humans: A Crossover Study. ↗

PMID 41765411 ↗

Journal J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41765411/

Morifuji M et al.. Non-Fat Fermented Milk Enhanced the Bioavailability of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Humans: A Crossover Study.. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2026. PMID:41765411.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
In Vivo Two-Dimensional Correlation Raman Spectroscopy Unveiling the Reversible Microstructural Changes and Spatially Differential Swelling of the Human Stratum Corneum in Response… ↗

PMID 41670962 ↗

Journal Anal Chem

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41670962/

Yang Y et al.. In Vivo Two-Dimensional Correlation Raman Spectroscopy Unveiling the Reversible Microstructural Changes and Spatially Differential Swelling of the Human Stratum Corneum in Response to Glycerin as a Temporary Penetration Enhancer.. Anal Chem. 2026. PMID:41670962.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Tracking Systemic and Ocular Vitamin A. ↗

PMID 41597238 ↗

Journal Cells

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41597238/

Montenegro D et al.. Tracking Systemic and Ocular Vitamin A.. Cells. 2026. PMID:41597238.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Microneedling accelerates burn wound healing and promotes collagen remodeling: Insights from a rodent model. ↗

PMID 41380206 ↗

Journal Burns

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41380206/

Alpat SE et al.. Microneedling accelerates burn wound healing and promotes collagen remodeling: Insights from a rodent model.. Burns. 2026. PMID:41380206.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Vitamin A supplementation during the suckling period attenuates the effects of a maternal Western diet on liver sexual maturity-related traits in a… ↗

PMID 41109574 ↗

Journal J Nutr Biochem

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41109574/

Abrego-Guandique DM et al.. Vitamin A supplementation during the suckling period attenuates the effects of a maternal Western diet on liver sexual maturity-related traits in a sex-dependent manner.. J Nutr Biochem. 2026. PMID:41109574.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Take a deep breath: the important role of vitamin A in neonatal lung development and visiting the potential of aerosolized delivery for… ↗

PMID 40874692 ↗

Journal Expert Rev Respir Med

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40874692/

Rehan VK et al.. Take a deep breath: the important role of vitamin A in neonatal lung development and visiting the potential of aerosolized delivery for bronchopulmonary dysplasia prevention.. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2026. PMID:40874692.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Perinatal vitamin A excess impacts vitamin A and lipid metabolism in rat offspring. ↗

PMID 41057405 ↗

Journal Sci Rep

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41057405/

Berthomu00e9 A et al.. Perinatal vitamin A excess impacts vitamin A and lipid metabolism in rat offspring.. Sci Rep. 2025. PMID:41057405.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Intranasal zinc and vitamin A treatments alter response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Mannheimia haemolytica co-infection. ↗

PMID 40927235 ↗

Journal Transl Anim Sci

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40927235/

Rients EL et al.. Intranasal zinc and vitamin A treatments alter response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Mannheimia haemolytica co-infection.. Transl Anim Sci. 2025. PMID:40927235.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Do serum vitamins, carotenoids, and retinyl esters influence mortality in osteoarthritis? Insights from a nationally representative study. ↗

PMID 40612304 ↗

Journal Front Nutr

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40612304/

Lu Y et al.. Do serum vitamins, carotenoids, and retinyl esters influence mortality in osteoarthritis? Insights from a nationally representative study.. Front Nutr. 2025. PMID:40612304.

Q × L × D × S × 10 = 5.0 / 10

The GIRI Score is the product of four independently computed evidence components, each normalised to 0–1, then scaled to 0–10. Every component is derived exclusively from peer-reviewed references and regulatory data — no editorial judgement is applied.

0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.

Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)

50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies

Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.

Benefit

Risk

50%

Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals

Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.

50%

One or more monitoring-level safety signals active

Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.

0Q × 5L × 5D × 5S = 5.0 / 10

Final GIRI Score for Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate). Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Full methodology & data sources

The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.

References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.

MODERATE RISK 5.0/10

Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a moderate safety concern. Caution is advised, particularly at high doses or in sensitive populations.

LOW
0–3.0

MODERATE
3.0–5.5

HIGH
5.5–7.5

CRITICAL
7.5–10

5.0

The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.

What drove the Moderate classification for Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate)

A score of 5.0 places this ingredient in the Moderate band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

0 approved references.

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).

Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.

No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.

No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).

How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?

The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:

Level	Score	Meaning
LOW	0.0 – 2.9	Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts.
MODERATE	3.0 – 5.4	Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups.
HIGH	5.5 – 7.4	Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended.
CRITICAL	7.5 – 10	Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision.

Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.

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Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate)

Safety Profile

Known Safety Concerns

Contraindications

Interactions

Evidence and Scientific Findings

Ingredient Overview

Biological and Chemical Classification

Mechanism of Action

Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness

Pharmacokinetics

Recommended Dosage

SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

Evidence Summary

Evidence Policy

Evidence Distribution

Score Transparency

Risk Level Classification

What drove the Moderate classification for Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate)

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