Safety Profile
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Interactions
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Evidence and Scientific Findings
Ingredient Overview
Sage leaf extract is used for menopausal hot flushes, memory support, and blood glucose regulation. It is generally safe at standard supplemental doses. Sage contains thujone, which in large amounts is neurotoxic. Long-term high-dose use is not recommended. It has mild oestrogenic activity and may lower blood glucose. Avoid in epilepsy (thujone can lower seizure threshold), hormone-sensitive conditions, and pregnancy.
Biological and Chemical Classification
- Scientific Name
- Salvia officinalis
Mechanism of Action
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Pharmacokinetics
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Recommended Dosage
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index
Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
- Main clinical benefit observed: Botanical
- Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
- No significant safety signals identified in the reviewed literature.
The available scientific evidence for Sage Leaf Extract indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.
Total SETI Score
High risk| Evidence quality | 10/40 |
| Evidence consistency | 20/20 |
| Safety signals | 0/20 |
| Study recency | 10/10 |
| Evidence transparency | 10/10 |
Evidence Summary
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
- 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
- 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)
Evidence Policy
Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.
Last updated: 12 მაი 2026, 16:02
Evidence Distribution
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWFunctional effects of rosmarinic acid on gut health and epigenetic regulation in antibiotic-free poultry diets. ↗Abd El-Hack ME et al.. Functional effects of rosmarinic acid on gut health and epigenetic regulation in antibiotic-free poultry diets.. Poult Sci. 2026. PMID:42114284.PMID 42114284 ↗Journal Poult SciYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42114284/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWA comprehensive systematic review of human trials investigating herbal treatments for Alzheimer's disease and dementia. ↗Kaczmarek-Kryszak KA et al.. A comprehensive systematic review of human trials investigating herbal treatments for Alzheimer's disease and dementia.. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2026. PMID:42100836.PMID 42100836 ↗Journal Acta NeuropsychiatrYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42100836/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWShotgun metagenomic dataset of leaf endophytic microbiome of the garden sage (Salvia officinalis L.). ↗Palanisamy M et al.. Shotgun metagenomic dataset of leaf endophytic microbiome of the garden sage (Salvia officinalis L.).. BMC Genom Data. 2026. PMID:42092753.PMID 42092753 ↗Journal BMC Genom DataYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42092753/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAlcoholic extracts of Russian sage (Salvia yangii) contain bioactive terpenoids with inhibitory activity against grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). ↗Smaldone A et al.. Alcoholic extracts of Russian sage (Salvia yangii) contain bioactive terpenoids with inhibitory activity against grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).. Pest Manag Sci. 2026. PMID:42066028.PMID 42066028 ↗Journal Pest Manag SciYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42066028/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWVolatile compounds of volatile oils and hydrosols: intra-specific comparison in seven Lamiaceae species. ↗u00d6zliman S. Volatile compounds of volatile oils and hydrosols: intra-specific comparison in seven Lamiaceae species.. BMC Plant Biol. 2026. PMID:42062900.PMID 42062900 ↗Journal BMC Plant BiolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42062900/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAntioxidant, Antibacterial, and SIRT1/SIRT3/hTERT Promoter-Upregulating Effects of Synergistic Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis Essential Oils. ↗Rafya M et al.. Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and SIRT1/SIRT3/hTERT Promoter-Upregulating Effects of Synergistic Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis Essential Oils.. Chem Biodivers. 2026. PMID:42037559.PMID 42037559 ↗Journal Chem BiodiversYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42037559/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWOvicidal and larvicidal activity of the Impatiens rothii and Salvia officinalis extracts against Anopheles stephensi (Culicidae: Diptera) in laboratory conditions. ↗Beyena T et al.. Ovicidal and larvicidal activity of the Impatiens rothii and Salvia officinalis extracts against Anopheles stephensi (Culicidae: Diptera) in laboratory conditions.. Malar J. 2026. PMID:42035133.PMID 42035133 ↗Journal Malar JYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42035133/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWVegetal protein hydrolysates mitigate NaCl salinity in Salvia officinalis by improving growth, nutrient status and essential oil yield. ↗Saadatian M et al.. Vegetal protein hydrolysates mitigate NaCl salinity in Salvia officinalis by improving growth, nutrient status and essential oil yield.. BMC Plant Biol. 2026. PMID:41998497.PMID 41998497 ↗Journal BMC Plant BiolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41998497/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWEffects of Green Light Deprivation and Red-to-Blue Ratio on Growth, Mineral Content, and Pigments in Salvia officinalis L. and Cannabis sativa L. ↗Hussein SMM et al.. Effects of Green Light Deprivation and Red-to-Blue Ratio on Growth, Mineral Content, and Pigments in Salvia officinalis L. and Cannabis sativa L.. Plants (Basel). 2026. PMID:41977663.PMID 41977663 ↗Journal Plants (Basel)Year 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41977663/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWPost-Harvest Drying and Environmental Effects on the Chemical Quality of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.). ↗Beyzi E et al.. Post-Harvest Drying and Environmental Effects on the Chemical Quality of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.).. Chem Biodivers. 2026. PMID:41972373.PMID 41972373 ↗Journal Chem BiodiversYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41972373/
Score Transparency
0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.
Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies
Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.
Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals
Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.
One or more monitoring-level safety signals active
Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.
Final GIRI Score for Sage Leaf Extract. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
Full methodology & data sources
The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.
- References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
- Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
- Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
- Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Risk Level Classification
Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.
0–3.0
3.0–5.5
5.5–7.5
7.5–10
The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.
What drove the Low classification for Sage Leaf Extract
A score of 2.5 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
0 approved references.
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).
Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.
No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.
No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).
How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?
The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:
| Level | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| LOW | 0.0 – 2.9 | Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts. |
| MODERATE | 3.0 – 5.4 | Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups. |
| HIGH | 5.5 – 7.4 | Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended. |
| CRITICAL | 7.5 – 10 | Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision. |
Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.