Safety Profile
Known Safety Concerns
- FDA 2022: NMN may not be a lawful dietary supplement -- drug status contested
- Promoted tumor growth in some animal cancer models
- No long-term human safety data
- Legal status in dietary supplements remains unresolved in multiple jurisdictions
Contraindications
- FDA 2022: NMN may not be a lawful dietary supplement -- drug status contested
- Promoted tumor growth in some animal cancer models
Interactions
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Evidence and Scientific Findings
Ingredient Overview
NMN is an NAD+ precursor marketed for anti-aging and energy. The FDA issued warning letters in 2022 determining that NMN cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement because it was investigated as a drug (clinical trials) before being marketed as a supplement. The FDA enforcement position has evolved but the legal status remains contested. Human clinical trial data is limited. In animal studies NMN promoted tumor growth in certain cancer models. Long-term safety data is absent.
Biological and Chemical Classification
- Scientific Name
- Beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide
Mechanism of Action
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Pharmacokinetics
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Recommended Dosage
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index
Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
- Main clinical benefit observed: Metabolic
- Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
- FDA 2022: NMN may not be a lawful dietary supplement -- drug status contested
- Promoted tumor growth in some animal cancer models
- No long-term human safety data
- Legal status in dietary supplements remains unresolved in multiple jurisdictions
The available scientific evidence for NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.
Total SETI Score
High risk| Evidence quality | 10/40 |
| Evidence consistency | 20/20 |
| Safety signals | 0/20 |
| Study recency | 10/10 |
| Evidence transparency | 10/10 |
Evidence Summary
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
- 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
- 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)
Evidence Policy
Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.
Last updated: 24 მარ 2026, 10:59
Evidence Distribution
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAging Triggers an Intestinal Energy Crisis and HDL3 Deficiency Disrupting Gut-Liver Axis Homeostasis. ↗Li Y et al.. Aging Triggers an Intestinal Energy Crisis and HDL3 Deficiency Disrupting Gut-Liver Axis Homeostasis.. Aging Cell. 2026. PMID:41851037.PMID 41851037 ↗Journal Aging CellYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41851037/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWu03b2-Nicotinamide mononucleotide prevents senescence and lipid accumulation in hepatic stellate cells by restoring SIRT1 function. ↗Saka T et al.. u03b2-Nicotinamide mononucleotide prevents senescence and lipid accumulation in hepatic stellate cells by restoring SIRT1 function.. Chem Biol Interact. 2026. PMID:41796627.PMID 41796627 ↗Journal Chem Biol InteractYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41796627/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWu03b2-Nicotinamide mononucleotide preserves muscle strength in septic male mice. ↗Saida M et al.. u03b2-Nicotinamide mononucleotide preserves muscle strength in septic male mice.. Sci Rep. 2026. PMID:41792260.PMID 41792260 ↗Journal Sci RepYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41792260/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWIridoids from the edible flowers of Rhododendron pachypodum: structural elucidation and healthspan related bioactivities in Caenorhabditis elegans. ↗Wang Y et al.. Iridoids from the edible flowers of Rhododendron pachypodum: structural elucidation and healthspan related bioactivities in Caenorhabditis elegans.. Phytochemistry. 2026. PMID:41780735.PMID 41780735 ↗Journal PhytochemistryYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41780735/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWGreen manufacturing synthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide: Pathways, catalysts, and prospects. ↗Peng F et al.. Green manufacturing synthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide: Pathways, catalysts, and prospects.. Bioorg Chem. 2026. PMID:41780270.PMID 41780270 ↗Journal Bioorg ChemYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41780270/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWSirt1-eIF2u03b1 axis drives pro-inflammatory macrophage activation through ER stress aggravating liver IRI in aged mice. ↗Zhou Y et al.. Sirt1-eIF2u03b1 axis drives pro-inflammatory macrophage activation through ER stress aggravating liver IRI in aged mice.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2026. PMID:41775225.PMID 41775225 ↗Journal Biochem Biophys Res CommunYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41775225/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWNMN/NAD(+)/SIRT1 axis activates NAMPT to ameliorate H(2)O(2)-triggered the impairment of progesterone synthesis in ovarian granulosa cells. ↗Wang Y et al.. NMN/NAD(+)/SIRT1 axis activates NAMPT to ameliorate H(2)O(2)-triggered the impairment of progesterone synthesis in ovarian granulosa cells.. J Ovarian Res. 2026. PMID:41764539.PMID 41764539 ↗Journal J Ovarian ResYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41764539/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWEnhanced Sensitivity and Human Relevance: a TNF-u03b1-Induced HaCaT Keratinocyte Model for Screening Anti-Inflammatory Cosmetic Materials. ↗Liao W et al.. Enhanced Sensitivity and Human Relevance: a TNF-u03b1-Induced HaCaT Keratinocyte Model for Screening Anti-Inflammatory Cosmetic Materials.. J Appl Toxicol. 2026. PMID:41742400.PMID 41742400 ↗Journal J Appl ToxicolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41742400/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWNMN protects cisplatin-associated AKI via NAD(+)/SIRT1 pathway. ↗Wen Z et al.. NMN protects cisplatin-associated AKI via NAD(+)/SIRT1 pathway.. Front Immunol. 2026. PMID:41716411.PMID 41716411 ↗Journal Front ImmunolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41716411/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAnti-inflammatory effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in human skeletal muscle after BFR-exercise. ↗Yang DL et al.. Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in human skeletal muscle after BFR-exercise.. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2026. PMID:41705654.PMID 41705654 ↗Journal J Int Soc Sports NutrYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41705654/
Score Transparency
0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.
Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies
Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.
Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals
Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.
One or more monitoring-level safety signals active
Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.
Final GIRI Score for NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide). Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
Full methodology & data sources
The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.
- References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
- Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
- Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
- Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Risk Level Classification
Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a moderate safety concern. Caution is advised, particularly at high doses or in sensitive populations.
0–3.0
3.0–5.5
5.5–7.5
7.5–10
The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.
What drove the Moderate classification for NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
A score of 5.5 places this ingredient in the Moderate band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
0 approved references.
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).
Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.
No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.
No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).
How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?
The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:
| Level | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| LOW | 0.0 – 2.9 | Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts. |
| MODERATE | 3.0 – 5.4 | Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups. |
| HIGH | 5.5 – 7.4 | Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended. |
| CRITICAL | 7.5 – 10 | Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision. |
Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.