Global Ingredient Risk Index Botanical

Marshmallow Root

Althaea officinalis

Also known as: marshmallow, Althaea root, althea, mortification root

27 მარ 2026

LOW RISK 1.5/10 How?

This ingredient is classified as unclassified risk (GIRI score: 1.5/10).

Known Safety Concerns

May delay absorption of oral medications -- timing separation recommended
Mild hypoglycemic activity
Rare allergic reactions in Malvaceae family-sensitive individuals

Contraindications

May delay absorption of oral medications -- timing separation recommended
Mild hypoglycemic activity

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Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Marshmallow root contains mucilaginous polysaccharides used for soothing mucous membranes, gastric inflammation, and dry cough. Very low toxicity. May slow absorption of orally co-administered medications due to mucilaginous coating.

Scientific Name: Althaea officinalis

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

SETI Score 48/100

Risk Level High risk

Scientific Confidence Low

Evidence Strength Limited

Key Benefit Botanical

Key Safety Concern May delay absorption of oral medications -- timing separation recommended

Evidence Reviewed 10 PubMed studies

Scientific Confidence Low

Based on study quality, consistency, and recency

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

SETI Score 48/100

Risk Level High risk

Evidence Strength Limited

Main Benefit Botanical

Main Safety Concern May delay absorption of oral medications -- timing separation recommended

Ingredient Marshmallow Root

Scientific name Althaea officinalis

Scientific Evidence Overview

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
Main clinical benefit observed: Botanical
Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)

Safety Signals

May delay absorption of oral medications -- timing separation recommended
Mild hypoglycemic activity
Rare allergic reactions in Malvaceae family-sensitive individuals

Evidence Strength Limited

Final Scientific Assessment

The available scientific evidence for Marshmallow Root indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.

Ingredient Marshmallow Root

Evidence reviewed 10 peer-reviewed studies (last 10 years)

Scientific name Althaea officinalis

48 /100

Total SETI Score

High risk

Evidence quality	10/40
Evidence consistency	20/20
Safety signals	0/20
Study recency	9/10
Evidence transparency	9/10

Evidence Summary

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)

Evidence Policy

Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.

Last updated: 25 მარ 2026, 22:40

Evidence Distribution

10 Other / unclassified

Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous, Methanolic, and a Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extracts of Althaea officinalis. ↗

PMID 41757369 ↗

Journal Scientifica (Cairo)

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41757369/

Khodadadi H et al.. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous, Methanolic, and a Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extracts of Althaea officinalis.. Scientifica (Cairo). 2026. PMID:41757369.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Anthelmintic Activity of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in Europe. ↗

PMID 41463411 ↗

Journal Biology (Basel)

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41463411/

Boyko O et al.. Anthelmintic Activity of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used in Europe.. Biology (Basel). 2025. PMID:41463411.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Biofilm-inhibiting ZnO@Eggshell nanocomposites: green synthesis, characterization, and biomedical potential. ↗

PMID 40601177 ↗

Journal Biometals

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40601177/

u015eensoy Gu00fcn B et al.. Biofilm-inhibiting ZnO@Eggshell nanocomposites: green synthesis, characterization, and biomedical potential.. Biometals. 2025. PMID:40601177.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Augmented Marshmallow Extract Lipid Nanoparticles with Clove Oil Embedded in Collagen Sponge for Ultimate Antimicrobial Healing of Diabetic Mouth Ulcer. ↗

PMID 40430902 ↗

Journal Pharmaceutics

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40430902/

Elhabal SF et al.. Augmented Marshmallow Extract Lipid Nanoparticles with Clove Oil Embedded in Collagen Sponge for Ultimate Antimicrobial Healing of Diabetic Mouth Ulcer.. Pharmaceutics. 2025. PMID:40430902.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Interplay Between Traditional and Scientific Knowledge: Phytoconstituents and Their Roles in Lung and Colorectal Cancer Signaling Pathways. ↗

PMID 40149916 ↗

Journal Biomolecules

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40149916/

Imtiaz I et al.. Interplay Between Traditional and Scientific Knowledge: Phytoconstituents and Their Roles in Lung and Colorectal Cancer Signaling Pathways.. Biomolecules. 2025. PMID:40149916.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Development of multifunctional agar/u03ba-carrageenan/kaolinite hydrogels: Role of tetracycline and marshmallow extract loading in antibacterial and controlled release properties. ↗

PMID 40120909 ↗

Journal Int J Biol Macromol

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40120909/

Khazaei S et al.. Development of multifunctional agar/u03ba-carrageenan/kaolinite hydrogels: Role of tetracycline and marshmallow extract loading in antibacterial and controlled release properties.. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025. PMID:40120909.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Aromatic plants as cosmeceuticals: benefits and applications for skin health. ↗

PMID 39500772 ↗

Journal Planta

Year 2024

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39500772/

Olivero-Verbel J et al.. Aromatic plants as cosmeceuticals: benefits and applications for skin health.. Planta. 2024. PMID:39500772.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Therapeutic Effects of Althaea officinalis L. and Metformin on Estradiol-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rats: Insights into The PI3K/AKT Pathway, Inflammation, and… ↗

PMID 39380478 ↗

Journal Cell J

Year 2024

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39380478/

Gao J et al.. Therapeutic Effects of Althaea officinalis L. and Metformin on Estradiol-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rats: Insights into The PI3K/AKT Pathway, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress.. Cell J. 2024. PMID:39380478.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Assessing physicochemical characteristics of a shear-thinning polysaccharide mucilage extracted from marshmallow root (Althaea officinalis L.) by an ohmic heating system. ↗

PMID 39094881 ↗

Journal Int J Biol Macromol

Year 2024

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39094881/

Rownaghi M et al.. Assessing physicochemical characteristics of a shear-thinning polysaccharide mucilage extracted from marshmallow root (Althaea officinalis L.) by an ohmic heating system.. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024. PMID:39094881.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Marshmallow. ↗

PMID 30000899 ↗

Year 2006

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30000899/

Marshmallow.. 2006. PMID:30000899.

Q × L × D × S × 10 = 1.5 / 10

The GIRI Score is the product of four independently computed evidence components, each normalised to 0–1, then scaled to 0–10. Every component is derived exclusively from peer-reviewed references and regulatory data — no editorial judgement is applied.

0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.

Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)

50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies

Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.

Benefit

Risk

50%

Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals

Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.

50%

One or more monitoring-level safety signals active

Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.

0Q × 5L × 5D × 5S = 1.5 / 10

Final GIRI Score for Marshmallow Root. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Full methodology & data sources

The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.

References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.

LOW RISK 1.5/10

Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.

LOW
0–3.0

MODERATE
3.0–5.5

HIGH
5.5–7.5

CRITICAL
7.5–10

1.5

The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.

What drove the Low classification for Marshmallow Root

A score of 1.5 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

0 approved references.

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).

Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.

No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.

No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).

How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?

The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:

Level	Score	Meaning
LOW	0.0 – 2.9	Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts.
MODERATE	3.0 – 5.4	Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups.
HIGH	5.5 – 7.4	Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended.
CRITICAL	7.5 – 10	Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision.

Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.

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Marshmallow Root

Safety Profile

Known Safety Concerns

Contraindications

Interactions

Evidence and Scientific Findings

Ingredient Overview

Biological and Chemical Classification

Mechanism of Action

Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness

Pharmacokinetics

Recommended Dosage

SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

Evidence Summary

Evidence Policy

Evidence Distribution

Score Transparency

Risk Level Classification

What drove the Low classification for Marshmallow Root

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