Lactobacillus lactis
Lactococcus lactis
Also known as: L. lactis, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus lactis
This ingredient is classified as unclassified risk (GIRI score: 1.5/10).
Safety Profile
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Interactions
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Evidence and Scientific Findings
Ingredient Overview
Lactococcus lactis (formerly Streptococcus lactis) is a widely used starter culture in dairy fermentation and a probiotic component. It produces nisin, a natural antimicrobial peptide. Generally very safe with a long history of food use. Standard probiotic safety caveats apply for severely immunocompromised individuals.
Biological and Chemical Classification
- Scientific Name
- Lactococcus lactis
Mechanism of Action
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Pharmacokinetics
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Recommended Dosage
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index
Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
- Main clinical benefit observed: Probiotics
- Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
- No significant safety signals identified in the reviewed literature.
The available scientific evidence for Lactobacillus lactis indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.
Total SETI Score
High risk| Evidence quality | 10/40 |
| Evidence consistency | 20/20 |
| Safety signals | 0/20 |
| Study recency | 10/10 |
| Evidence transparency | 10/10 |
Evidence Summary
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
- 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
- 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)
Evidence Policy
Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.
Last updated: 06 აპრ 2026, 12:11
Evidence Distribution
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWOral immunization with recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing VP3 and VP3-IFNu03b1 fusion protein protects ducklings against novel goose parvovirus infection. ↗Yang J et al.. Oral immunization with recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing VP3 and VP3-IFNu03b1 fusion protein protects ducklings against novel goose parvovirus infection.. Poult Sci. 2026. PMID:41933533.PMID 41933533 ↗Journal Poult SciYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41933533/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWHigh-throughput generation and comparison of genome-scale metabolic models reveal strain-specific metabolic diversity in 439 Lactococcus strains. ↗Bras JE et al.. High-throughput generation and comparison of genome-scale metabolic models reveal strain-specific metabolic diversity in 439 Lactococcus strains.. mSystems. 2026. PMID:41910316.PMID 41910316 ↗Journal mSystemsYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41910316/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWLactococcus lactis as a New Strategy for Oral Vaccination: Current Insights and Future Perspectives. ↗Grossolli-Galvez J et al.. Lactococcus lactis as a New Strategy for Oral Vaccination: Current Insights and Future Perspectives.. Pharmaceutics. 2026. PMID:41900792.PMID 41900792 ↗Journal PharmaceuticsYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41900792/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWThe cheese of Xilingol: A comparative study on microbial diversity and metabolic profiles across typical and meadow steppes. ↗Zhang J et al.. The cheese of Xilingol: A comparative study on microbial diversity and metabolic profiles across typical and meadow steppes.. Food Res Int. 2026. PMID:41895941.PMID 41895941 ↗Journal Food Res IntYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41895941/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWMetagenomic analysis of lactic acid bacteria communities in inner Mongolian fermented dairy products: influence of milk source and geography. ↗Li H et al.. Metagenomic analysis of lactic acid bacteria communities in inner Mongolian fermented dairy products: influence of milk source and geography.. Food Res Int. 2026. PMID:41895935.PMID 41895935 ↗Journal Food Res IntYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41895935/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWApplication of kefir-isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei to obtain a cashew-based fermented beverage with enhanced anti-inflammatory properties. ↗Pietrantuono L et al.. Application of kefir-isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei to obtain a cashew-based fermented beverage with enhanced anti-inflammatory properties.. Front Microbiol. 2026. PMID:41883803.PMID 41883803 ↗Journal Front MicrobiolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41883803/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWGABA-Producing Capabilities of Lactococcus lactis PL186 in Murine and Human. ↗Paek JJ et al.. GABA-Producing Capabilities of Lactococcus lactis PL186 in Murine and Human.. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2026. PMID:41866909.PMID 41866909 ↗Journal J Microbiol BiotechnolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41866909/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWEngineering of Escherichia coli for D-tagatose production from lactose and whey permeate via the tagatose-6-phosphate pathway. ↗Abzach A et al.. Engineering of Escherichia coli for D-tagatose production from lactose and whey permeate via the tagatose-6-phosphate pathway.. Curr Res Food Sci. 2026. PMID:41852946.PMID 41852946 ↗Journal Curr Res Food SciYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41852946/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWFunctional interactions of Gp22 and Gp23 with Gp21 DNA helicase define the replication module of dairy-relevant Ceduovirus phage 94p4. ↗Santo A et al.. Functional interactions of Gp22 and Gp23 with Gp21 DNA helicase define the replication module of dairy-relevant Ceduovirus phage 94p4.. J Dairy Sci. 2026. PMID:41850363.PMID 41850363 ↗Journal J Dairy SciYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41850363/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWEvaluating Lactococcus lactis as a novel antiparasitic vaccine delivery platform: A scoping review of immunization routes and immunological outcomes. ↗Rihs JB et al.. Evaluating Lactococcus lactis as a novel antiparasitic vaccine delivery platform: A scoping review of immunization routes and immunological outcomes.. Vaccine. 2026. PMID:41849895.PMID 41849895 ↗Journal VaccineYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41849895/
Score Transparency
0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.
Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies
Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.
Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals
Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.
One or more monitoring-level safety signals active
Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.
Final GIRI Score for Lactobacillus lactis. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
Full methodology & data sources
The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.
- References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
- Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
- Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
- Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Risk Level Classification
Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.
0–3.0
3.0–5.5
5.5–7.5
7.5–10
The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.
What drove the Low classification for Lactobacillus lactis
A score of 1.5 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
0 approved references.
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).
Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.
No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.
No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).
How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?
The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:
| Level | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| LOW | 0.0 – 2.9 | Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts. |
| MODERATE | 3.0 – 5.4 | Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups. |
| HIGH | 5.5 – 7.4 | Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended. |
| CRITICAL | 7.5 – 10 | Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision. |
Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.