Global Ingredient Risk Index Metabolic

L-Serine

L-Serine (2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid)

Also known as: serine, L-serine amino acid

25 მარ 2026

LOW RISK 2.0/10 How?

This ingredient is classified as unclassified risk (GIRI score: 2.0/10).

Known Safety Concerns

High doses: drowsiness
Ensure L-form not D-form for standard use
BMAA contamination risk in some natural source products

Contraindications

High doses: drowsiness
Ensure L-form not D-form for standard use

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Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

L-serine is a non-essential amino acid critical for phospholipid synthesis and one-carbon metabolism. Investigated for ALS with some evidence of neuroprotective benefit. Generally well-tolerated.

Scientific Name: L-Serine (2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid)

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Scientific Confidence Low

Evidence Strength Limited

Key Benefit Metabolic

Key Safety Concern High doses: drowsiness

Evidence Reviewed 10 PubMed studies

Scientific Confidence Low

Based on study quality, consistency, and recency

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Evidence Strength Limited

Main Benefit Metabolic

Main Safety Concern High doses: drowsiness

Ingredient L-Serine

Scientific name L-Serine (2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid)

Scientific Evidence Overview

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
Main clinical benefit observed: Metabolic
Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)

Safety Signals

High doses: drowsiness
Ensure L-form not D-form for standard use
BMAA contamination risk in some natural source products

Evidence Strength Limited

Final Scientific Assessment

The available scientific evidence for L-Serine indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.

Ingredient L-Serine

Evidence reviewed 10 peer-reviewed studies (last 10 years)

Scientific name L-Serine (2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid)

50 /100

Total SETI Score

High risk

Evidence quality	10/40
Evidence consistency	20/20
Safety signals	0/20
Study recency	10/10
Evidence transparency	10/10

Evidence Summary

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)

Evidence Policy

Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.

Last updated: 25 მარ 2026, 22:50

Evidence Distribution

10 Other / unclassified

Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
PHGDH mediated serine biosynthesis metabolism suppresses vascular calcification. ↗

PMID 41872929 ↗

Journal Biol Direct

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41872929/

Tan L et al.. PHGDH mediated serine biosynthesis metabolism suppresses vascular calcification.. Biol Direct. 2026. PMID:41872929.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Integrated proteomic and single-cell transcriptomic profiling elucidates immunomodulatory effects of L-serine in autism spectrum disorder. ↗

PMID 41857206 ↗

Journal Sci Rep

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41857206/

Jang J et al.. Integrated proteomic and single-cell transcriptomic profiling elucidates immunomodulatory effects of L-serine in autism spectrum disorder.. Sci Rep. 2026. PMID:41857206.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Catabolism of serine enantiomers represses enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli virulence factors via modulation of the nitrogen stress response. ↗

PMID 41849392 ↗

Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41849392/

Addington E et al.. Catabolism of serine enantiomers represses enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli virulence factors via modulation of the nitrogen stress response.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026. PMID:41849392.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Tracer-assisted shotgun lipidomics (TASL): A quantitative workflow integrating stable-isotope tracing with global lipidome profiling. ↗

PMID 41833412 ↗

Journal Anal Chim Acta

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41833412/

Nasimi H et al.. Tracer-assisted shotgun lipidomics (TASL): A quantitative workflow integrating stable-isotope tracing with global lipidome profiling.. Anal Chim Acta. 2026. PMID:41833412.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Engineering Tryptophan Synthase via In Vivo Directed Evolution for High-Level l-Cysteine Production. ↗

PMID 41832765 ↗

Journal J Agric Food Chem

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41832765/

Zhu X et al.. Engineering Tryptophan Synthase via In Vivo Directed Evolution for High-Level l-Cysteine Production.. J Agric Food Chem. 2026. PMID:41832765.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Biomimetic smartphone sensor for point-of-care l-dopa monitoring. ↗

PMID 41831337 ↗

Journal Talanta

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41831337/

Cui X et al.. Biomimetic smartphone sensor for point-of-care l-dopa monitoring.. Talanta. 2026. PMID:41831337.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Interfacial modulation of cochleate assemblyviacationic surfactant enables enhanced encapsulation of water-soluble drugs. ↗

PMID 41830852 ↗

Journal Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41830852/

Thakur N et al.. Interfacial modulation of cochleate assemblyviacationic surfactant enables enhanced encapsulation of water-soluble drugs.. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2026. PMID:41830852.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
ROS-Fueled Allies: STAT3, PKM2, and HIF-1u03b1 Influencing Energy Metabolism in Hormone-Independent Cancers. ↗

PMID 41828578 ↗

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41828578/

Fiorini S et al.. ROS-Fueled Allies: STAT3, PKM2, and HIF-1u03b1 Influencing Energy Metabolism in Hormone-Independent Cancers.. Int J Mol Sci. 2026. PMID:41828578.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Effect of solid-state fermentation on protein content, amino acid digestibility and anti-nutritional components of common beans, lentils and chickpeas. ↗

PMID 41794452 ↗

Journal Food Res Int

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41794452/

Lux A et al.. Effect of solid-state fermentation on protein content, amino acid digestibility and anti-nutritional components of common beans, lentils and chickpeas.. Food Res Int. 2026. PMID:41794452.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
A tri-responsive sensor based on co-encapsulated organic probes and multifunctional bimetallic V/Ce-MOF nanozyme in a hydrogel for the detection of l-Serine in… ↗

PMID 41775065 ↗

Journal Talanta

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41775065/

Esmaeili A et al.. A tri-responsive sensor based on co-encapsulated organic probes and multifunctional bimetallic V/Ce-MOF nanozyme in a hydrogel for the detection of l-Serine in saliva.. Talanta. 2026. PMID:41775065.

Q × L × D × S × 10 = 2.0 / 10

The GIRI Score is the product of four independently computed evidence components, each normalised to 0–1, then scaled to 0–10. Every component is derived exclusively from peer-reviewed references and regulatory data — no editorial judgement is applied.

0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.

Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)

50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies

Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.

Benefit

Risk

50%

Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals

Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.

50%

One or more monitoring-level safety signals active

Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.

0Q × 5L × 5D × 5S = 2.0 / 10

Final GIRI Score for L-Serine. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Full methodology & data sources

The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.

References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.

LOW RISK 2.0/10

Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.

LOW
0–3.0

MODERATE
3.0–5.5

HIGH
5.5–7.5

CRITICAL
7.5–10

2.0

The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.

What drove the Low classification for L-Serine

A score of 2.0 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

0 approved references.

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).

Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.

No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.

No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).

How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?

The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:

Level	Score	Meaning
LOW	0.0 – 2.9	Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts.
MODERATE	3.0 – 5.4	Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups.
HIGH	5.5 – 7.4	Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended.
CRITICAL	7.5 – 10	Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision.

Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.

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L-Serine

Safety Profile

Known Safety Concerns

Contraindications

Interactions

Evidence and Scientific Findings

Ingredient Overview

Biological and Chemical Classification

Mechanism of Action

Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness

Pharmacokinetics

Recommended Dosage

SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

Evidence Summary

Evidence Policy

Evidence Distribution

Score Transparency

Risk Level Classification

What drove the Low classification for L-Serine

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