Global Ingredient Risk Index Amino Acids

L-Cysteine

Also known as: Cysteine, L-Cysteine free form

26 მარ 2026

LOW RISK 1.5/10 How?

This ingredient is classified as unclassified risk (GIRI score: 1.5/10).

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

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Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

L-Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid important for glutathione synthesis and keratin structure. It is safe at standard supplemental doses. Very high doses may promote kidney stone formation in susceptible individuals. It may enhance the effects of some antibiotics. Generally well tolerated.

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Scientific Confidence Low

Evidence Strength Limited

Key Benefit Amino Acids

Evidence Reviewed 10 PubMed studies

Scientific Confidence Low

Based on study quality, consistency, and recency

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Evidence Strength Limited

Main Benefit Amino Acids

Ingredient L-Cysteine

Scientific Evidence Overview

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
Main clinical benefit observed: Amino Acids
Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)

Safety Signals

No significant safety signals identified in the reviewed literature.

Evidence Strength Limited

Final Scientific Assessment

The available scientific evidence for L-Cysteine indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.

Ingredient L-Cysteine

Evidence reviewed 10 peer-reviewed studies (last 10 years)

50 /100

Total SETI Score

High risk

Evidence quality	10/40
Evidence consistency	20/20
Safety signals	0/20
Study recency	10/10
Evidence transparency	10/10

Evidence Summary

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)

Evidence Policy

Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.

Last updated: 26 მარ 2026, 14:19

Evidence Distribution

10 Other / unclassified

Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Natural product target identification of wheldone, a fungal metabolite, as a KIF11 inhibitor in ovarian cancer using the DiffPOP (Differential Protein Precipitation)… ↗

PMID 41881190 ↗

Journal Mol Cell Proteomics

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41881190/

Khin M et al.. Natural product target identification of wheldone, a fungal metabolite, as a KIF11 inhibitor in ovarian cancer using the DiffPOP (Differential Protein Precipitation) method.. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2026. PMID:41881190.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Clonal Stabilization Reveals a DAO/3MST-Expressing MDCK Subpopulation With Robust d-Cysteine-Mediated H(2)S Production. ↗

PMID 41874360 ↗

Journal FASEB J

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41874360/

Miyamoto A et al.. Clonal Stabilization Reveals a DAO/3MST-Expressing MDCK Subpopulation With Robust d-Cysteine-Mediated H(2)S Production.. FASEB J. 2026. PMID:41874360.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Citrate-enabled process intensification reinforces energy and redox metabolism for sustainable bioproduction using Corynebacterium glutamicum. ↗

PMID 41871697 ↗

Journal Bioresour Technol

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41871697/

Park K et al.. Citrate-enabled process intensification reinforces energy and redox metabolism for sustainable bioproduction using Corynebacterium glutamicum.. Bioresour Technol. 2026. PMID:41871697.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Investigating changes in serum metabolome and urinary endocrine disrupting chemicals in cats with hyperthyroidism. ↗

PMID 41870785 ↗

Journal Vet Res Commun

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41870785/

Ziv-Gal A et al.. Investigating changes in serum metabolome and urinary endocrine disrupting chemicals in cats with hyperthyroidism.. Vet Res Commun. 2026. PMID:41870785.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
GSDME-mediated pyroptosis is essential for the chemotherapeutic effects achieved by combined treatment of temsirolimus and 5-fluorouracil in ovarian carcinoma cells. ↗

PMID 41868939 ↗

Journal Am J Transl Res

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41868939/

Chen Z et al.. GSDME-mediated pyroptosis is essential for the chemotherapeutic effects achieved by combined treatment of temsirolimus and 5-fluorouracil in ovarian carcinoma cells.. Am J Transl Res. 2026. PMID:41868939.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Employing L-cysteine-mediated modulation for nickel biorecovery: Bioseparation-photocatalytic upcycling from wastewater. ↗

PMID 41864414 ↗

Journal Environ Res

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41864414/

Li S et al.. Employing L-cysteine-mediated modulation for nickel biorecovery: Bioseparation-photocatalytic upcycling from wastewater.. Environ Res. 2026. PMID:41864414.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
ROS-NLRP3 participates in the pyroptosis response of excretory-secretory products from protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus in hepatocytes. ↗

PMID 41862686 ↗

Journal Sci Rep

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41862686/

Cao J et al.. ROS-NLRP3 participates in the pyroptosis response of excretory-secretory products from protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus in hepatocytes.. Sci Rep. 2026. PMID:41862686.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Nanomolar Cadmium Disrupts Neurotransmitter Release Timing via a ROS-dependent Mechanism at the Mouse Neuromuscular Junction: Modulation by Nanomolar Zn(2). ↗

PMID 41854772 ↗

Journal Neurochem Res

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41854772/

Khaziev AN et al.. Nanomolar Cadmium Disrupts Neurotransmitter Release Timing via a ROS-dependent Mechanism at the Mouse Neuromuscular Junction: Modulation by Nanomolar Zn(2).. Neurochem Res. 2026. PMID:41854772.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Biomimetic nanoplatform with multienzyme cascade activity boosting ROS generation and immune activation feedback for tumor therapy. ↗

PMID 41852884 ↗

Journal Mater Today Bio

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41852884/

Bai C et al.. Biomimetic nanoplatform with multienzyme cascade activity boosting ROS generation and immune activation feedback for tumor therapy.. Mater Today Bio. 2026. PMID:41852884.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
An Alternating Modification Strategy for Constructing l-Cys-Au Functional Interfaces in Nanochannels for Highly Selective Copper Ion Analysis. ↗

PMID 41849205 ↗

Journal Anal Chem

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41849205/

Lu S et al.. An Alternating Modification Strategy for Constructing l-Cys-Au Functional Interfaces in Nanochannels for Highly Selective Copper Ion Analysis.. Anal Chem. 2026. PMID:41849205.

Q × L × D × S × 10 = 1.5 / 10

The GIRI Score is the product of four independently computed evidence components, each normalised to 0–1, then scaled to 0–10. Every component is derived exclusively from peer-reviewed references and regulatory data — no editorial judgement is applied.

0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.

Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)

50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies

Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.

Benefit

Risk

50%

Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals

Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.

50%

One or more monitoring-level safety signals active

Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.

0Q × 5L × 5D × 5S = 1.5 / 10

Final GIRI Score for L-Cysteine. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Full methodology & data sources

The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.

References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.

LOW RISK 1.5/10

Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.

LOW
0–3.0

MODERATE
3.0–5.5

HIGH
5.5–7.5

CRITICAL
7.5–10

1.5

The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.

What drove the Low classification for L-Cysteine

A score of 1.5 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

0 approved references.

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).

Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.

No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.

No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).

How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?

The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:

Level	Score	Meaning
LOW	0.0 – 2.9	Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts.
MODERATE	3.0 – 5.4	Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups.
HIGH	5.5 – 7.4	Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended.
CRITICAL	7.5 – 10	Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision.

Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.

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L-Cysteine

Safety Profile

Interactions

Evidence and Scientific Findings

Ingredient Overview

Biological and Chemical Classification

Mechanism of Action

Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness

Pharmacokinetics

Recommended Dosage

SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

Evidence Summary

Evidence Policy

Evidence Distribution

Score Transparency

Risk Level Classification

What drove the Low classification for L-Cysteine

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