Global Ingredient Risk Index Botanical

Green Tea Extract

Camellia sinensis

Also known as: Camellia sinensis extract, GTE, Green Tea Polyphenols, EGCG, Tea Catechins

04 მარ 2026

MODERATE RISK 5.0/10 How?

Evidence Strength: MODERATE

This ingredient receives a unclassified risk score due to safety concerns identified by health authorities in USA. Scientific evidence indicates green Tea Extract exerts its effects primarily through its high content of…. Reported adverse effects include nausea and headache.

Common Adverse Effects

Nausea
headache
dizziness
insomnia
gastrointestinal upset

Serious Adverse Effects

Hepatotoxicity
tachycardia
hypertension
allergic reactions

Contraindications

Liver disease
cardiovascular disorders
anxiety disorders
insomnia
People taking Warfarin

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Drug / Nutrient	Interaction Mechanism	Warning
Warfarin	may increase bleeding risk — monitor INR closely. Beta	blockers: may reduce efficacy — adjust dose as needed. Antidepressants: may increase stimulant effects — use with caution. Statins: may enhance lipid-lowering effects — monitor lipid levels. Anticoagulants: increased bleeding risk — consider alternative therapies.

Green Tea Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. It is commonly used in dietary supplements for its antioxidant properties and potential health benefits, including weight management and cardiovascular health. The extract is rich in polyphenols, particularly catechins, which are believed to contribute to its therapeutic effects.

Chemical Class: Polyphenol
Biological Class: Antioxidant
Natural Source: Camellia sinensis leaves
Scientific Name: Camellia sinensis
Chemical Formula: C22H18O11
CAS Number: 84650-60-2

Green Tea Extract exerts its effects primarily through its high content of catechins, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). These compounds inhibit oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and chelating metal ions. EGCG also modulates signaling pathways involved in inflammation and cell proliferation, and may inhibit enzymes like lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase. Additionally, catechins can influence lipid metabolism and glucose regulation, contributing to their potential weight management benefits.

Indication	Evidence Level	Summary
General	Moderate	Clinical studies on Green Tea Extract have shown mixed results. Some randomized controlled trials suggest benefits in weight management and cardiovascular health, particularly in reducing LDL cholesterol levels. However, the evidence is inconsistent, with some studies showing minimal or no effect. The quality of studies varies, with some lacking rigorous design or having small sample sizes, leading to moderate confidence in the overall conclusions.

Evidence levels: Strong Moderate Limited Experimental

Absorption

Green Tea Extract is moderately absorbed when taken orally, with catechins reaching peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) within 1-2 hours. The bioavailability of catechins is relatively low due to extensive first-pass metabolism. The half-life of EGCG is approximately 3-5 hours.

Distribution

Catechins from Green Tea Extract have a moderate volume of distribution and are known to bind to plasma proteins. They are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, although the extent of penetration is limited.

Metabolism

Green Tea catechins are metabolized primarily in the liver through phase II conjugation reactions, including glucuronidation and sulfation. Major metabolites include methylated and glucuronidated forms of catechins.

Excretion

Catechins are excreted primarily via the biliary route, with a smaller proportion eliminated in urine. The metabolites are mostly found in feces, indicating significant enterohepatic circulation.

Half-Life

3-5 hours

Condition / Use	Typical Dose
Weight management	300-600 mg per day. Cardiovascular health: 250-500 mg per day. Antioxidant support: 200-400 mg per day.

Dosage ranges are based on clinical studies and commonly used supplement formulations. Individual requirements may vary.

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Scientific Confidence Low

Evidence Strength Limited

Key Benefit Green Tea Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant.

Key Safety Concern Green Tea Extract is generally considered safe for most adults when used at recommended dosages. However, there are reports of liver toxicity, particularly at high doses or with concentrated extracts. Caution is advised in individuals with liver disease, and it is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Regulatory agencies have issued warnings about potential liver damage, urging consumers to adhere to dosage guidelines.

Evidence Reviewed 10 PubMed studies

Scientific Confidence Low

Based on study quality, consistency, and recency

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Evidence Strength Limited

Main Benefit Green Tea Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant.

Main Safety Concern Green Tea Extract is generally considered safe for most adults when used at recommended dosages. However, there are reports of liver toxicity, particularly at high doses or with concentrated extracts. Caution is advised in individuals with liver disease, and it is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Regulatory agencies have issued warnings about potential liver damage, urging consumers to adhere to dosage guidelines.

Ingredient Green Tea Extract

Scientific name Camellia sinensis

Scientific Evidence Overview

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
Main clinical benefit observed: Green Tea Extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant.
Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)

Safety Signals

Green Tea Extract is generally considered safe for most adults when used at recommended dosages. However, there are reports of liver toxicity, particularly at high doses or with concentrated extracts. Caution is advised in individuals with liver disease, and it is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Regulatory agencies have issued warnings about potential liver damage, urging consumers to adhere to dosage guidelines.

Evidence Strength Limited

Regulatory Status

USA/FDA — Approved

Final Scientific Assessment

The available scientific evidence for Green Tea Extract indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.

Ingredient Green Tea Extract

Evidence reviewed 10 peer-reviewed studies (last 10 years)

Scientific name Camellia sinensis

50 /100

Total SETI Score

High risk

Evidence quality	10/40
Evidence consistency	20/20
Safety signals	0/20
Study recency	10/10
Evidence transparency	10/10

Evidence Summary

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)

Evidence Policy

Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.

Last updated: 06 მარ 2026, 12:01

Evidence Distribution

10 Other / unclassified

Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Tea Quality Alterations Arising from Plant Diseases: Molecular Pathogenesis and Noncoding Ribonucleic Acid-Driven Host-Pathogen Communication. ↗

PMID 41774081 ↗

Journal J Agric Food Chem

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41774081/

Naz M et al.. Tea Quality Alterations Arising from Plant Diseases: Molecular Pathogenesis and Noncoding Ribonucleic Acid-Driven Host-Pathogen Communication.. J Agric Food Chem. 2026. PMID:41774081.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Mineral infusion and in-vitro bioaccessibility in Camellia sinensis and herbal tea: influence of matrix and brewing format. ↗

PMID 41769663 ↗

Journal Front Nutr

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41769663/

Apaydu0131n H. Mineral infusion and in-vitro bioaccessibility in Camellia sinensis and herbal tea: influence of matrix and brewing format.. Front Nutr. 2026. PMID:41769663.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Unveiling the potential of apigenin and kaempferol against colon cancer: an integrated network pharmacology and docking approach. ↗

PMID 41768980 ↗

Journal Front Bioinform

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41768980/

Selvakumar A et al.. Unveiling the potential of apigenin and kaempferol against colon cancer: an integrated network pharmacology and docking approach.. Front Bioinform. 2026. PMID:41768980.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Effects of Photoperiod on Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-Related Gene Expression and Enzymatic Activity in Purple-Leaf Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis). ↗

PMID 41752001 ↗

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41752001/

Li W et al.. Effects of Photoperiod on Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-Related Gene Expression and Enzymatic Activity in Purple-Leaf Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis).. Int J Mol Sci. 2026. PMID:41752001.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Oak (Quercus petraea) Leaf-Based Kombucha: A Sustainable Approach to Fermented Beverages. ↗

PMID 41750899 ↗

Journal Foods

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41750899/

Pencak T et al.. Oak (Quercus petraea) Leaf-Based Kombucha: A Sustainable Approach to Fermented Beverages.. Foods. 2026. PMID:41750899.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Intercropping tea plants with different leguminous green manures enhances soil nutrient availability, thereby reshaping the structure and functional potential of soil microbial… ↗

PMID 41743141 ↗

Journal Front Microbiol

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41743141/

Liu Q et al.. Intercropping tea plants with different leguminous green manures enhances soil nutrient availability, thereby reshaping the structure and functional potential of soil microbial communities.. Front Microbiol. 2026. PMID:41743141.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Integrative analysis of endogenous phytohormones and transcriptomics reveals mechanism of light-induced callus formation in tea (Camellia sinensis) cuttings. ↗

PMID 41742034 ↗

Journal BMC Plant Biol

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41742034/

Gao Y et al.. Integrative analysis of endogenous phytohormones and transcriptomics reveals mechanism of light-induced callus formation in tea (Camellia sinensis) cuttings.. BMC Plant Biol. 2026. PMID:41742034.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Long non-coding RNA Cslnc256 regulates tea plant resistance to anthracnose by suppressing CsmiR395-mediated sulfate metabolism. ↗

PMID 41723861 ↗

Journal Plant J

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41723861/

Jiang T et al.. Long non-coding RNA Cslnc256 regulates tea plant resistance to anthracnose by suppressing CsmiR395-mediated sulfate metabolism.. Plant J. 2026. PMID:41723861.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Fluoride detoxification in tea plants depends on aluminium and localization in the epidermis. ↗

PMID 41722032 ↗

Journal Plant Physiol

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41722032/

Zhang C et al.. Fluoride detoxification in tea plants depends on aluminium and localization in the epidermis.. Plant Physiol. 2026. PMID:41722032.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Camellia sinensis-synthesized silver nanoparticles and meropenem combination against extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. ↗

PMID 41720838 ↗

Journal Sci Rep

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41720838/

Elmasry EM et al.. Camellia sinensis-synthesized silver nanoparticles and meropenem combination against extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.. Sci Rep. 2026. PMID:41720838.

Q × L × D × S × 10 = 5.0 / 10

The GIRI Score is the product of four independently computed evidence components, each normalised to 0–1, then scaled to 0–10. Every component is derived exclusively from peer-reviewed references and regulatory data — no editorial judgement is applied.

0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.

Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)

50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies

Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.

Benefit

Risk

50%

Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals

Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.

65%

Multiple active safety or regulatory signals

Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.

0Q × 5L × 5D × 6.5S = 5.0 / 10

Final GIRI Score for Green Tea Extract. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Full methodology & data sources

The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.

References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.

MODERATE RISK 5.0/10

Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a moderate safety concern. Caution is advised, particularly at high doses or in sensitive populations.

LOW
0–3.0

MODERATE
3.0–5.5

HIGH
5.5–7.5

CRITICAL
7.5–10

5.0

The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.

What drove the Moderate classification for Green Tea Extract

A score of 5.0 places this ingredient in the Moderate band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

0 approved references.

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).

Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.

1 active signal (highest severity: High). Each active signal raises S above the neutral baseline of 0.5.

1 jurisdiction has active restrictions or advisories. Regulatory signals are recorded as Safety Signals and raise the S component.

How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?

The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:

Level	Score	Meaning
LOW	0.0 – 2.9	Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts.
MODERATE	3.0 – 5.4	Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups.
HIGH	5.5 – 7.4	Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended.
CRITICAL	7.5 – 10	Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision.

Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.

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Green Tea Extract

Safety Profile

Common Adverse Effects

Serious Adverse Effects

Contraindications

Interactions

Evidence and Scientific Findings

Ingredient Overview

Biological and Chemical Classification

Mechanism of Action

Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness

Pharmacokinetics

Recommended Dosage

SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

Evidence Summary

Evidence Policy

Evidence Distribution

Score Transparency

Risk Level Classification

What drove the Moderate classification for Green Tea Extract

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