Safety Profile
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Interactions
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Evidence and Scientific Findings
Ingredient Overview
Diosmin is a citrus flavone glycoside and the primary active component of MPFF (Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction). It is approved as a prescription phlebotonic in many European countries (e.g., Daflon®) for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), hemorrhoids, and lymphedema. Multiple RCTs and Cochrane-level meta-analyses support its efficacy and safety. It is exceptionally well tolerated; mild GI discomfort is the most reported adverse effect. It does not significantly interact with common medications at therapeutic doses. Avoid in pregnancy only at very high pharmaceutical doses. Safe and low-risk at standard supplemental levels.
Biological and Chemical Classification
- Scientific Name
- Citrus aurantium
Mechanism of Action
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Pharmacokinetics
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Recommended Dosage
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index
Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
- Main clinical benefit observed: Botanical
- Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
- No significant safety signals identified in the reviewed literature.
The available scientific evidence for Diosmin indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.
Total SETI Score
High risk| Evidence quality | 10/40 |
| Evidence consistency | 20/20 |
| Safety signals | 0/20 |
| Study recency | 10/10 |
| Evidence transparency | 10/10 |
Evidence Summary
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
- 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
- 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)
Evidence Policy
Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.
Last updated: 13 აპრ 2026, 16:59
Evidence Distribution
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWEpigenetic Landscape of the Citrus Greek National Germplasm Collection and Its Association with Genetic and Fitness-Related Data. ↗Lyrou FG et al.. Epigenetic Landscape of the Citrus Greek National Germplasm Collection and Its Association with Genetic and Fitness-Related Data.. Biology (Basel). 2026. PMID:41972550.PMID 41972550 ↗Journal Biology (Basel)Year 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41972550/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWTherapeutic potential of Neroli Essential Oil (Citrus aurantium) in obstetrics and gynecology: A systematic review. ↗Yilmaz S. Therapeutic potential of Neroli Essential Oil (Citrus aurantium) in obstetrics and gynecology: A systematic review.. Explore (NY). 2026. PMID:41936209.PMID 41936209 ↗Journal Explore (NY)Year 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41936209/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWNeohesperidin from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects and Modulates Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in a Chronic Stress Model. ↗Chun E et al.. Neohesperidin from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects and Modulates Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in a Chronic Stress Model.. J Med Food. 2026. PMID:41854123.PMID 41854123 ↗Journal J Med FoodYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41854123/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWCourtship and Mating Behavior of the Aphid Parasitoid Praon volucre: Effects of Host Association and Behavioral Lateralization. ↗Boukouvala MC et al.. Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Aphid Parasitoid Praon volucre: Effects of Host Association and Behavioral Lateralization.. Insects. 2026. PMID:41752594.PMID 41752594 ↗Journal InsectsYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41752594/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWIntegrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals key enzyme genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Citrus aurantium L. ↗Wang Y et al.. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals key enzyme genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Citrus aurantium L.. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2026. PMID:41722113.PMID 41722113 ↗Journal Plant Physiol BiochemYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41722113/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWPhytochemical and Antioxidant Profiling of Traditional Fruit Vinegars: A Comparative Study of Fruit Species. ↗u00c7olak AM et al.. Phytochemical and Antioxidant Profiling of Traditional Fruit Vinegars: A Comparative Study of Fruit Species.. Food Sci Nutr. 2026. PMID:41717133.PMID 41717133 ↗Journal Food Sci NutrYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41717133/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWGreen-Synthesized titanium dioxide Nanoparticle-Modified glass ionomer cement: in vitro and in Silico assessment of Mechanical, Physical, and safety properties performance. ↗Abozaid D et al.. Green-Synthesized titanium dioxide Nanoparticle-Modified glass ionomer cement: in vitro and in Silico assessment of Mechanical, Physical, and safety properties performance.. Sci Rep. 2026. PMID:41667585.PMID 41667585 ↗Journal Sci RepYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41667585/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWTherapeutic potential of Citrus aurantium peel extract against canine Mesostephanus infection: in vivo safety assessment. ↗Abd-Elaziz AA et al.. Therapeutic potential of Citrus aurantium peel extract against canine Mesostephanus infection: in vivo safety assessment.. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2026. PMID:41627683.PMID 41627683 ↗Journal Environ Sci Pollut Res IntYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41627683/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWIn-silico identification of anti-cholera phytochemicals from Indian medicinal plants. ↗Rahman K et al.. In-silico identification of anti-cholera phytochemicals from Indian medicinal plants.. PLoS One. 2026. PMID:41628183.PMID 41628183 ↗Journal PLoS OneYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41628183/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWIndependent Evaluation of Rootstock Resistance and Endophytic Bacteria for Managing Citrus Nematode. ↗Banihashemian SN et al.. Independent Evaluation of Rootstock Resistance and Endophytic Bacteria for Managing Citrus Nematode.. J Nematol. 2025. PMID:41631096.PMID 41631096 ↗Journal J NematolYear 2025Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41631096/
Score Transparency
0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.
Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies
Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.
Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals
Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.
One or more monitoring-level safety signals active
Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.
Final GIRI Score for Diosmin. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
Full methodology & data sources
The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.
- References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
- Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
- Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
- Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Risk Level Classification
Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.
0–3.0
3.0–5.5
5.5–7.5
7.5–10
The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.
What drove the Low classification for Diosmin
A score of 1.5 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
0 approved references.
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).
Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.
No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.
No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).
How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?
The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:
| Level | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| LOW | 0.0 – 2.9 | Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts. |
| MODERATE | 3.0 – 5.4 | Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups. |
| HIGH | 5.5 – 7.4 | Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended. |
| CRITICAL | 7.5 – 10 | Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision. |
Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.