Safety Profile
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Interactions
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Evidence and Scientific Findings
Ingredient Overview
Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) is a Nordic berry containing anthocyanins, quercetin, and flavonoids used for antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Safety data specific to supplemental use is very limited; the berry has a long traditional food use in northern regions. No significant adverse effects or drug interactions documented at supplemental doses. Mild antiplatelet activity possible due to polyphenol content.
Biological and Chemical Classification
- Scientific Name
- Empetrum nigrum
Mechanism of Action
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Pharmacokinetics
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Recommended Dosage
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index
Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
- Main clinical benefit observed: Botanical
- Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
- No significant safety signals identified in the reviewed literature.
The available scientific evidence for Crowberry indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.
Total SETI Score
High risk| Evidence quality | 10/40 |
| Evidence consistency | 20/20 |
| Safety signals | 0/20 |
| Study recency | 10/10 |
| Evidence transparency | 10/10 |
Evidence Summary
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
- 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
- 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)
Evidence Policy
Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.
Last updated: 06 აპრ 2026, 12:10
Evidence Distribution
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW2',4'-dihydroxychalcone induces ferroptosis through ERO1A/GPX4 regulatory axis in cholangiocarcinoma. ↗Wang T et al.. 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone induces ferroptosis through ERO1A/GPX4 regulatory axis in cholangiocarcinoma.. Phytomedicine. 2025. PMID:40902362.PMID 40902362 ↗Journal PhytomedicineYear 2025Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40902362/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWDeath of Leukemia Cells and Platelets Induced by 3,3'-Dihydroxy-4,5-Dimethoxybibenzyl Is Mediated by p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway. ↗Rukoyatkina N et al.. Death of Leukemia Cells and Platelets Induced by 3,3'-Dihydroxy-4,5-Dimethoxybibenzyl Is Mediated by p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway.. Molecules. 2025. PMID:40733232.PMID 40733232 ↗Journal MoleculesYear 2025Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40733232/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWThrombin-induced platelet inhibition by 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxydihydrochalcone is mediated by inhibition of ROS production and Thromboxane synthase a activity: structure-activity relationship of… ↗Fock E et al.. Thrombin-induced platelet inhibition by 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxydihydrochalcone is mediated by inhibition of ROS production and Thromboxane synthase a activity: structure-activity relationship of polyphenol secondary metabolites from Empetrum nigrum.. Nat Prod Res. 2025. PMID:38567701.PMID 38567701 ↗Journal Nat Prod ResYear 2025Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38567701/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWPopulation re-establishment and spatial dynamics of crowberry (Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum), a foundation species in restored alpine ecosystems. ↗Sulavik J et al.. Population re-establishment and spatial dynamics of crowberry (Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum), a foundation species in restored alpine ecosystems.. Ecol Evol. 2024. PMID:39279794.PMID 39279794 ↗Journal Ecol EvolYear 2024Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39279794/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWControlling the stock or the habitat - The crisis of native invasive encroachment in the grazing land of Norwegian reindeer husbandry. ↗Nhat PM et al.. Controlling the stock or the habitat - The crisis of native invasive encroachment in the grazing land of Norwegian reindeer husbandry.. J Environ Manage. 2024. PMID:39260285.PMID 39260285 ↗Journal J Environ ManageYear 2024Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39260285/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWTesting foraging optimization models in brown bears: Time for a paradigm shift in nutritional ecology? ↗Mikkelsen AJ et al.. Testing foraging optimization models in brown bears: Time for a paradigm shift in nutritional ecology?. Ecology. 2024. PMID:38071743.PMID 38071743 ↗Journal EcologyYear 2024Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38071743/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWWarming influences carbon and nitrogen assimilation between a widespread Ericaceous shrub and root-associated fungi. ↗Hupperts SF et al.. Warming influences carbon and nitrogen assimilation between a widespread Ericaceous shrub and root-associated fungi.. New Phytol. 2024. PMID:37950517.PMID 37950517 ↗Journal New PhytolYear 2024Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37950517/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWCaryophyllene Sesquiterpenes from a Chaetomium globosum Endophyte of the Canadian Medicinal Plant Empetrum nigrum. ↗Morehouse NJ et al.. Caryophyllene Sesquiterpenes from a Chaetomium globosum Endophyte of the Canadian Medicinal Plant Empetrum nigrum.. J Nat Prod. 2023. PMID:37267043.PMID 37267043 ↗Journal J Nat ProdYear 2023Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37267043/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWBetula alba Bark Extract and Empetrum nigrum Fruit Juice, a Natural Alternative to Niacinamide for Skin Barrier Benefits. ↗Smiljanic S et al.. Betula alba Bark Extract and Empetrum nigrum Fruit Juice, a Natural Alternative to Niacinamide for Skin Barrier Benefits.. Int J Mol Sci. 2022. PMID:36293365.PMID 36293365 ↗Journal Int J Mol SciYear 2022Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36293365/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWTotal synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of Empetroxepins A and B and related analogs. ↗Murphy KE et al.. Total synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of Empetroxepins A and B and related analogs.. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2022. PMID:36038118.PMID 36038118 ↗Journal Bioorg Med Chem LettYear 2022Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36038118/
Score Transparency
0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.
Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies
Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.
Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals
Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.
One or more monitoring-level safety signals active
Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.
Final GIRI Score for Crowberry. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
Full methodology & data sources
The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.
- References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
- Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
- Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
- Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Risk Level Classification
Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.
0–3.0
3.0–5.5
5.5–7.5
7.5–10
The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.
What drove the Low classification for Crowberry
A score of 1.0 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
0 approved references.
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).
Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.
No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.
No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).
How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?
The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:
| Level | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| LOW | 0.0 – 2.9 | Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts. |
| MODERATE | 3.0 – 5.4 | Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups. |
| HIGH | 5.5 – 7.4 | Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended. |
| CRITICAL | 7.5 – 10 | Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision. |
Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.