Global Ingredient Risk Index Mineral

Copper Gluconate

Copper gluconate

Also known as: copper gluconate, cupric gluconate

26 მარ 2026

MODERATE RISK 4.0/10 How?

This ingredient is classified as unclassified risk (GIRI score: 4.0/10).

Known Safety Concerns

Hepatotoxicity approaching or exceeding UL (10 mg/day)
Elevated copper implicated in Alzheimer disease progression
Oxidative stress from free copper ions
Unnecessary for most individuals with a balanced diet

Contraindications

Hepatotoxicity approaching or exceeding UL (10 mg/day)
Elevated copper implicated in Alzheimer disease progression

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Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Copper gluconate is commonly added to supplements to counteract zinc-induced copper depletion. Excess copper causes hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Elevated copper has been implicated in Alzheimer disease progression. The UL is 10 mg per day. Most people obtain adequate copper through diet and do not require supplementation.

Scientific Name: Copper gluconate

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Scientific Confidence Low

Evidence Strength Limited

Key Benefit Mineral

Key Safety Concern Hepatotoxicity approaching or exceeding UL (10 mg/day)

Evidence Reviewed 10 PubMed studies

Scientific Confidence Low

Based on study quality, consistency, and recency

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Evidence Strength Limited

Main Benefit Mineral

Main Safety Concern Hepatotoxicity approaching or exceeding UL (10 mg/day)

Ingredient Copper Gluconate

Scientific name Copper gluconate

Scientific Evidence Overview

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
Main clinical benefit observed: Mineral
Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)

Safety Signals

Hepatotoxicity approaching or exceeding UL (10 mg/day)
Elevated copper implicated in Alzheimer disease progression
Oxidative stress from free copper ions
Unnecessary for most individuals with a balanced diet

Evidence Strength Limited

Final Scientific Assessment

The available scientific evidence for Copper Gluconate indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.

Ingredient Copper Gluconate

Evidence reviewed 10 peer-reviewed studies (last 10 years)

Scientific name Copper gluconate

50 /100

Total SETI Score

High risk

Evidence quality	10/40
Evidence consistency	20/20
Safety signals	0/20
Study recency	10/10
Evidence transparency	10/10

Evidence Summary

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)

Evidence Policy

Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.

Last updated: 24 მარ 2026, 16:36

Evidence Distribution

10 Other / unclassified

Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Copper gluconate drives adherent-invasive Escherichia coli LF82 into a viable-but-non-culturable state: Mechanisms of persistence and susceptibility. ↗

PMID 41619420 ↗

Journal Microbiol Res

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41619420/

An Z et al.. Copper gluconate drives adherent-invasive Escherichia coli LF82 into a viable-but-non-culturable state: Mechanisms of persistence and susceptibility.. Microbiol Res. 2026. PMID:41619420.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Poor Vision from Copper Deficiency. ↗

PMID 41269469 ↗

Journal Curr Nutr Rep

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41269469/

Klevay LM. Poor Vision from Copper Deficiency.. Curr Nutr Rep. 2025. PMID:41269469.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Evidence-Based Management of Box Jellyfish Stings. ↗

PMID 40984166 ↗

Journal Mil Med

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40984166/

Yanagihara AA et al.. Evidence-Based Management of Box Jellyfish Stings.. Mil Med. 2025. PMID:40984166.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Assessing the Utility of Broad-Acting Inhibitors as Therapeutics in Diverse Venoms. ↗

PMID 40278686 ↗

Journal Toxins (Basel)

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40278686/

Kadler R et al.. Assessing the Utility of Broad-Acting Inhibitors as Therapeutics in Diverse Venoms.. Toxins (Basel). 2025. PMID:40278686.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
A Sustainable and Scalable Approach for In Situ Induction of Gradient Nucleation Sites in Biomass-Derived Interface Layers for Ultra-Stable Aqueous Zinc Metal… ↗

PMID 40130742 ↗

Journal Angew Chem Int Ed Engl

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40130742/

Liu X et al.. A Sustainable and Scalable Approach for In Situ Induction of Gradient Nucleation Sites in Biomass-Derived Interface Layers for Ultra-Stable Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries.. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2025. PMID:40130742.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Disulfiram-Copper Potentiates Anticancer Efficacy of Standard Chemotherapy Drugs in Bladder Cancer Animal Model through ROS-Autophagy-Ferroptosis Signalling Cascade. ↗

PMID 39323342 ↗

Journal Curr Cancer Drug Targets

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39323342/

Sharma N et al.. Disulfiram-Copper Potentiates Anticancer Efficacy of Standard Chemotherapy Drugs in Bladder Cancer Animal Model through ROS-Autophagy-Ferroptosis Signalling Cascade.. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2025. PMID:39323342.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Zinc gluconate protects against plant virus infection in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. ↗

PMID 40083575 ↗

Journal Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo)

Year 2024

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40083575/

Narusaka M et al.. Zinc gluconate protects against plant virus infection in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana plants.. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo). 2024. PMID:40083575.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
PLGA-Nano-Encapsulated Disulfiram Inhibits Cancer Stem Cells and Targets Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. ↗

PMID 39766358 ↗

Journal Biomolecules

Year 2024

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39766358/

Butcher K et al.. PLGA-Nano-Encapsulated Disulfiram Inhibits Cancer Stem Cells and Targets Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo.. Biomolecules. 2024. PMID:39766358.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Evaluation of size-based distribution of components in VYXEOSu00ae liposomal formulation using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation. ↗

PMID 39515205 ↗

Journal J Chromatogr A

Year 2024

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39515205/

Siriwardane DA et al.. Evaluation of size-based distribution of components in VYXEOSu00ae liposomal formulation using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation.. J Chromatogr A. 2024. PMID:39515205.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
The combination therapy using tyrosine kinase receptors inhibitors and repurposed drugs to target patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells. ↗

PMID 38876048 ↗

Journal Biomed Pharmacother

Year 2024

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38876048/

Kucinska M et al.. The combination therapy using tyrosine kinase receptors inhibitors and repurposed drugs to target patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells.. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024. PMID:38876048.

Q × L × D × S × 10 = 4.0 / 10

The GIRI Score is the product of four independently computed evidence components, each normalised to 0–1, then scaled to 0–10. Every component is derived exclusively from peer-reviewed references and regulatory data — no editorial judgement is applied.

0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.

Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)

50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies

Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.

Benefit

Risk

50%

Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals

Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.

50%

One or more monitoring-level safety signals active

Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.

0Q × 5L × 5D × 5S = 4.0 / 10

Final GIRI Score for Copper Gluconate. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Full methodology & data sources

The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.

References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.

MODERATE RISK 4.0/10

Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a moderate safety concern. Caution is advised, particularly at high doses or in sensitive populations.

LOW
0–3.0

MODERATE
3.0–5.5

HIGH
5.5–7.5

CRITICAL
7.5–10

4.0

The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.

What drove the Moderate classification for Copper Gluconate

A score of 4.0 places this ingredient in the Moderate band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

0 approved references.

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).

Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.

No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.

No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).

How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?

The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:

Level	Score	Meaning
LOW	0.0 – 2.9	Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts.
MODERATE	3.0 – 5.4	Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups.
HIGH	5.5 – 7.4	Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended.
CRITICAL	7.5 – 10	Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision.

Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.

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Copper Gluconate

Safety Profile

Known Safety Concerns

Contraindications

Interactions

Evidence and Scientific Findings

Ingredient Overview

Biological and Chemical Classification

Mechanism of Action

Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness

Pharmacokinetics

Recommended Dosage

SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

Evidence Summary

Evidence Policy

Evidence Distribution

Score Transparency

Risk Level Classification

What drove the Moderate classification for Copper Gluconate

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