Safety Profile
Known Safety Concerns
- Asteraceae family allergy -- anaphylaxis risk in sensitive individuals
- Ragweed cross-reactivity
- Mild anticoagulant activity
- Additive sedation with CNS depressants
Contraindications
- Asteraceae family allergy -- anaphylaxis risk in sensitive individuals
- Ragweed cross-reactivity
Interactions
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Evidence and Scientific Findings
Ingredient Overview
Chamomile contains apigenin and bisabolol with mild anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic properties. Allergic reactions occur in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae/Compositae family plants. Cross-reaction with ragweed pollen allergy common.
Biological and Chemical Classification
- Scientific Name
- Matricaria chamomilla / Chamaemelum nobile
Mechanism of Action
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Pharmacokinetics
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Recommended Dosage
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index
Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
- Main clinical benefit observed: Botanical
- Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
- Asteraceae family allergy -- anaphylaxis risk in sensitive individuals
- Ragweed cross-reactivity
- Mild anticoagulant activity
- Additive sedation with CNS depressants
The available scientific evidence for Chamomile indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.
Total SETI Score
High risk| Evidence quality | 10/40 |
| Evidence consistency | 20/20 |
| Safety signals | 0/20 |
| Study recency | 10/10 |
| Evidence transparency | 10/10 |
Evidence Summary
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
- 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
- 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)
Evidence Policy
Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.
Last updated: 25 მარ 2026, 22:36
Evidence Distribution
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWChamomile oil and apigenin as novel modulators of mexA, mexB, mexR, and oprM efflux pump genes in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ↗Mahdi HS et al.. Chamomile oil and apigenin as novel modulators of mexA, mexB, mexR, and oprM efflux pump genes in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. One Health Outlook. 2026. PMID:41877278.PMID 41877278 ↗Journal One Health OutlookYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41877278/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWEfficacy and safety of Compound Chamomile-Lidocaine Gel for postoperative wound management after pediatric circumcision: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. ↗Zou X et al.. Efficacy and safety of Compound Chamomile-Lidocaine Gel for postoperative wound management after pediatric circumcision: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.. Transl Androl Urol. 2026. PMID:41809790.PMID 41809790 ↗Journal Transl Androl UrolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41809790/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWDesign of a portable machine for picking chamomile flowers. ↗El-Moulaa MAMA et al.. Design of a portable machine for picking chamomile flowers.. Sci Rep. 2026. PMID:41807537.PMID 41807537 ↗Journal Sci RepYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41807537/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWOptimization of a novel fermented kefir beverage fortified with Opuntia, Roselle, Chamomile, Marjoram, Honey and plant sugar using mixture and Box-Behnken design. ↗Ayed L et al.. Optimization of a novel fermented kefir beverage fortified with Opuntia, Roselle, Chamomile, Marjoram, Honey and plant sugar using mixture and Box-Behnken design.. Microb Pathog. 2026. PMID:41780457.PMID 41780457 ↗Journal Microb PathogYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41780457/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWEvaluating Potential Effects of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ↗Firoozi Z et al.. Evaluating Potential Effects of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Food Sci Nutr. 2026. PMID:41767834.PMID 41767834 ↗Journal Food Sci NutrYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41767834/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWEffect of Matricaria chamomilla on the Quality of Life Among Women with Menopausal Symptoms: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. ↗Mohsenzadeh-Ledari F et al.. Effect of Matricaria chamomilla on the Quality of Life Among Women with Menopausal Symptoms: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.. J Integr Complement Med. 2026. PMID:41761999.PMID 41761999 ↗Journal J Integr Complement MedYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41761999/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAnxiolytic-like effects using adult zebrafish, bioaccessibility and phenolic profile of matcha and sugarcane beverages. ↗Tavares TRP et al.. Anxiolytic-like effects using adult zebrafish, bioaccessibility and phenolic profile of matcha and sugarcane beverages.. Nutr Neurosci. 2026. PMID:41700941.PMID 41700941 ↗Journal Nutr NeurosciYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41700941/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWComprehensive multi-residue analysis of 87 pesticides in Egyptian food commodities: Method validation and dietary risk assessment. ↗Ezzat A et al.. Comprehensive multi-residue analysis of 87 pesticides in Egyptian food commodities: Method validation and dietary risk assessment.. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2026. PMID:41678938.PMID 41678938 ↗Journal J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life SciYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41678938/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWPhytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Matricaria chamomilla ethanolic extracts against clinical bacterial isolates in Ibb City, Yemen. ↗Esmail A et al.. Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Matricaria chamomilla ethanolic extracts against clinical bacterial isolates in Ibb City, Yemen.. Sci Rep. 2026. PMID:41634113.PMID 41634113 ↗Journal Sci RepYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41634113/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWUnlocking the Secrets of Roman Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis L.) Essential Oil: Structural Elucidation and Acute Toxicity of New Esters. ↗Raduloviu0107 NS et al.. Unlocking the Secrets of Roman Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis L.) Essential Oil: Structural Elucidation and Acute Toxicity of New Esters.. Molecules. 2026. PMID:41599305.PMID 41599305 ↗Journal MoleculesYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41599305/
Score Transparency
0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.
Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies
Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.
Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals
Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.
One or more monitoring-level safety signals active
Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.
Final GIRI Score for Chamomile. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
Full methodology & data sources
The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.
- References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
- Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
- Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
- Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Risk Level Classification
Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.
0–3.0
3.0–5.5
5.5–7.5
7.5–10
The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.
What drove the Low classification for Chamomile
A score of 3.0 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
0 approved references.
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).
Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.
No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.
No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).
How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?
The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:
| Level | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| LOW | 0.0 – 2.9 | Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts. |
| MODERATE | 3.0 – 5.4 | Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups. |
| HIGH | 5.5 – 7.4 | Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended. |
| CRITICAL | 7.5 – 10 | Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision. |
Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.