Safety Profile
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Interactions
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Evidence and Scientific Findings
Ingredient Overview
Cayenne pepper contains capsaicin and is used for pain relief and metabolic support. Oral supplementation commonly causes GI burning, heartburn, and irritation of mucous membranes. It can interact with ACE inhibitors (persistent cough), anticoagulants, and aspirin. High doses may cause stomach ulcers. Safe for most adults at moderate dietary amounts but problematic at high supplemental doses.
Biological and Chemical Classification
- Scientific Name
- Capsicum annuum
Mechanism of Action
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Pharmacokinetics
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Recommended Dosage
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index
Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
- Main clinical benefit observed: Botanical
- Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
- No significant safety signals identified in the reviewed literature.
The available scientific evidence for Cayenne Pepper indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.
Total SETI Score
High risk| Evidence quality | 10/40 |
| Evidence consistency | 20/20 |
| Safety signals | 0/20 |
| Study recency | 10/10 |
| Evidence transparency | 10/10 |
Evidence Summary
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
- 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
- 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)
Evidence Policy
Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.
Last updated: 26 მარ 2026, 14:25
Evidence Distribution
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWComparative analysis of fungal microbiomes in Korean and Chinese chili pepper powders. ↗Seo JH et al.. Comparative analysis of fungal microbiomes in Korean and Chinese chili pepper powders.. J Sci Food Agric. 2026. PMID:41882509.PMID 41882509 ↗Journal J Sci Food AgricYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41882509/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWTemperature stress induced anatomical and histological alterations in reproductive organs of Capsicum annuum L. ↗Manoharan S et al.. Temperature stress induced anatomical and histological alterations in reproductive organs of Capsicum annuum L.. Protoplasma. 2026. PMID:41866409.PMID 41866409 ↗Journal ProtoplasmaYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41866409/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAn RGLG E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CaSIRE1 Negatively Regulates ABA-Dependent Drought Tolerance by Destabilizing CaSAP14 in Pepper. ↗Choi H et al.. An RGLG E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CaSIRE1 Negatively Regulates ABA-Dependent Drought Tolerance by Destabilizing CaSAP14 in Pepper.. Plant Cell Environ. 2026. PMID:41844521.PMID 41844521 ↗Journal Plant Cell EnvironYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41844521/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWPhytomedicines and conventional drugs in scabies management. ↗Hoque M. Phytomedicines and conventional drugs in scabies management.. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2026. PMID:41835968.PMID 41835968 ↗Journal GMS Hyg Infect ControlYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41835968/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWTranscriptome profiling reveals tissue-wide gene expression in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under infection by Phytophthora capsici. ↗Lozada DN et al.. Transcriptome profiling reveals tissue-wide gene expression in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under infection by Phytophthora capsici.. Front Plant Sci. 2026. PMID:41835262.PMID 41835262 ↗Journal Front Plant SciYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41835262/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWHarnessing the multifunctional bioagent Streptomyces sp. SP5 for Fusarium wilt suppression, metabolite-mediated antioxidant activity, and plant growth promotion. ↗Devi S et al.. Harnessing the multifunctional bioagent Streptomyces sp. SP5 for Fusarium wilt suppression, metabolite-mediated antioxidant activity, and plant growth promotion.. Sci Rep. 2026. PMID:41832300.PMID 41832300 ↗Journal Sci RepYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41832300/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWATAC-Seq and Transcriptomics Reveal Mechanisms of Waterlogging Tolerance and Identify CaMYB96 as a Key Positive Regulator in Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum Var.… ↗Yang L et al.. ATAC-Seq and Transcriptomics Reveal Mechanisms of Waterlogging Tolerance and Identify CaMYB96 as a Key Positive Regulator in Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum Var. conoides).. J Agric Food Chem. 2026. PMID:41830907.PMID 41830907 ↗Journal J Agric Food ChemYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41830907/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWEvaluation of gamma irradiation on the microbiological, phytochemicals, and aromatic profiles of sun-bleached preserved pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). ↗Ouyang M et al.. Evaluation of gamma irradiation on the microbiological, phytochemicals, and aromatic profiles of sun-bleached preserved pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).. Food Chem. 2026. PMID:41830890.PMID 41830890 ↗Journal Food ChemYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41830890/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWUnravelling the genetics of heat-responsive fruit traits in pepper [Capsicum annuum L.] via GWAS under subtropical climates. ↗Yogananda M et al.. Unravelling the genetics of heat-responsive fruit traits in pepper [Capsicum annuum L.] via GWAS under subtropical climates.. BMC Plant Biol. 2026. PMID:41820840.PMID 41820840 ↗Journal BMC Plant BiolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41820840/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWZinc Sulfate-Mediated Modulation of Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Metabolome in Capsicum annuum L. Under Salinity Stress. ↗Singh A et al.. Zinc Sulfate-Mediated Modulation of Growth, Physiology, Yield, and Metabolome in Capsicum annuum L. Under Salinity Stress.. Physiol Plant. 2026. PMID:41808264.PMID 41808264 ↗Journal Physiol PlantYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41808264/
Score Transparency
0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.
Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies
Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.
Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals
Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.
One or more monitoring-level safety signals active
Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.
Final GIRI Score for Cayenne Pepper. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
Full methodology & data sources
The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.
- References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
- Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
- Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
- Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Risk Level Classification
Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.
0–3.0
3.0–5.5
5.5–7.5
7.5–10
The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.
What drove the Low classification for Cayenne Pepper
A score of 2.5 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
0 approved references.
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).
Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.
No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.
No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).
How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?
The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:
| Level | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| LOW | 0.0 – 2.9 | Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts. |
| MODERATE | 3.0 – 5.4 | Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups. |
| HIGH | 5.5 – 7.4 | Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended. |
| CRITICAL | 7.5 – 10 | Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision. |
Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.