ოთხშაბათი, აპრილი 15, 2026
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Global Ingredient Risk Index Botanical

Cardamom

Elettaria cardamomum

Also known as: Cardamom seeds, Elettaria cardamomum extract, Green cardamom, Cardamom pods

LOW RISK 1.0/10 How?

This ingredient is classified as unclassified risk (GIRI score: 1.0/10).

02

Safety Profile

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

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03

Interactions

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

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04

Evidence and Scientific Findings

Overview

Ingredient Overview

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) is a culinary spice and herbal medicine used for digestive support, carminative effects, and oral health. It has an excellent safety record at culinary and standard supplemental doses. Allergic reactions are rare. At very high supplemental doses, cardamom may have mild gallstone-stimulating effects (cholagogue activity); avoid in gallstone disease without medical advice. No significant drug interactions at normal doses.

Classification

Biological and Chemical Classification

Scientific Name
Elettaria cardamomum
Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Clinical Evidence

Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Dosage

Recommended Dosage

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

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05

SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index

SETI Score 50/100
Risk Level High risk
Scientific Confidence Low
Evidence Strength Limited
Key Benefit Botanical
Evidence Reviewed 10 PubMed studies
Scientific Confidence Low
Based on study quality, consistency, and recency

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

SETI Score 50/100
Risk Level High risk
Evidence Strength Limited
Main Benefit Botanical
Ingredient Cardamom
Scientific name Elettaria cardamomum
Scientific Evidence Overview
  • 10 studies reviewed
  • 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
  • Main clinical benefit observed: Botanical
  • Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
Safety Signals
  • No significant safety signals identified in the reviewed literature.
Evidence Strength Limited
Final Scientific Assessment

The available scientific evidence for Cardamom indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.

Ingredient Cardamom
Evidence reviewed 10 peer-reviewed studies (last 10 years)
Scientific name Elettaria cardamomum
50 /100

Total SETI Score

High risk
Evidence quality 10/40
Evidence consistency 20/20
Safety signals 0/20
Study recency 10/10
Evidence transparency 10/10

Evidence Summary

  • 10 studies reviewed
  • 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
  • 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
  • 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)

Evidence Policy

Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.

Last updated: 06 აპრ 2026, 12:10

Evidence Distribution

10 Other / unclassified
  1. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Development and characterization of polyherbal formulation from Allium sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Cinnamomum verum, Elettaria cardamomum and Zingiber officinale with therapeutic potential against… ↗
    PMID 41934304 ↗
    Journal Pak J Pharm Sci
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41934304/
    Rehman MT et al.. Development and characterization of polyherbal formulation from Allium sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Cinnamomum verum, Elettaria cardamomum and Zingiber officinale with therapeutic potential against sinusitis-associated pathogens.. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2026. PMID:41934304.
  2. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Genetic Diversity and Differentiation Among Guatemalan Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) Accessions. ↗
    PMID 41754361 ↗
    Journal Plants (Basel)
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41754361/
    Herrera-Gonzu00e1lez MP et al.. Genetic Diversity and Differentiation Among Guatemalan Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) Accessions.. Plants (Basel). 2026. PMID:41754361.
  3. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Enhanced anticancer activity of nanoemulsified cardamom extract via modulation of apoptosis- and lncRNA-associated pathways in colorectal cancer cells. ↗
    PMID 41658858 ↗
    Journal Biochem Biophys Rep
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41658858/
    Soltani T et al.. Enhanced anticancer activity of nanoemulsified cardamom extract via modulation of apoptosis- and lncRNA-associated pathways in colorectal cancer cells.. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2026. PMID:41658858.
  4. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Effect of alkali treatment duration on the structure and properties of Elettaria cardamomum cellulosic fiber. ↗
    PMID 41587710 ↗
    Journal Int J Biol Macromol
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41587710/
    Ahmed MJ et al.. Effect of alkali treatment duration on the structure and properties of Elettaria cardamomum cellulosic fiber.. Int J Biol Macromol. 2026. PMID:41587710.
  5. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Modulation of the Volatile Profile of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Essential Oil by Non-Thermal Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) Technology: A Novel Approach… ↗
    PMID 41523288 ↗
    Journal Food Sci Nutr
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41523288/
    Teresa-Martu00ednez GD et al.. Modulation of the Volatile Profile of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Essential Oil by Non-Thermal Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) Technology: A Novel Approach in Food Processing.. Food Sci Nutr. 2026. PMID:41523288.
  6. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Enzymatic Potential and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Aspergillus terreus Against Essential Oils. ↗
    PMID 41485895 ↗
    Journal J Oleo Sci
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41485895/
    Sana S et al.. Enzymatic Potential and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Aspergillus terreus Against Essential Oils.. J Oleo Sci. 2026. PMID:41485895.
  7. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Structurally engineered silver-albumin nanocomposites functionalized with alpha-terpinyl acetate for enhanced biocompatibility and anticancer activity. ↗
    PMID 41161342 ↗
    Journal J Biomater Appl
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41161342/
    Nair ST et al.. Structurally engineered silver-albumin nanocomposites functionalized with alpha-terpinyl acetate for enhanced biocompatibility and anticancer activity.. J Biomater Appl. 2026. PMID:41161342.
  8. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Effect of Cardamom Oil After Acute and Repeated Administration in Albino Wistar Rats. ↗
    PMID 41487820 ↗
    Journal Cureus
    Year 2025
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41487820/
    Auti S et al.. Effect of Cardamom Oil After Acute and Repeated Administration in Albino Wistar Rats.. Cureus. 2025. PMID:41487820.
  9. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Comparative Effect of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) on Body Weight and Nutritional Status in Obese Experimental Animals. ↗
    PMID 41341469 ↗
    Journal J Nutr Metab
    Year 2025
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41341469/
    Bakr EH et al.. Comparative Effect of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) on Body Weight and Nutritional Status in Obese Experimental Animals.. J Nutr Metab. 2025. PMID:41341469.
  10. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Green-synthesized cardamom-modified iron oxide nanoparticles with potent antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. ↗
    PMID 41169996 ↗
    Journal RSC Adv
    Year 2025
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41169996/
    Gupta SBR et al.. Green-synthesized cardamom-modified iron oxide nanoparticles with potent antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities.. RSC Adv. 2025. PMID:41169996.
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06

Score Transparency

Q × L × D × S × 10 = 1.0 / 10

The GIRI Score is the product of four independently computed evidence components, each normalised to 0–1, then scaled to 0–10. Every component is derived exclusively from peer-reviewed references and regulatory data — no editorial judgement is applied.

Q
Evidence Quantity 0 / 10
0%

0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.

Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)

L
Evidence Quality 5 / 10
50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies

Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.

D
Evidence Direction 5 / 10
Benefit
Risk
50%

Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals

Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.

S
Safety Signals 5 / 10
50%

One or more monitoring-level safety signals active

Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.

0Q × 5L × 5D × 5S = 1.0 / 10

Final GIRI Score for Cardamom. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Full methodology & data sources

The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.

  • References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
  • Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
  • Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
  • Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
07

Risk Level Classification

LOW RISK 1.0/10

Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.

LOW
0–3.0
MODERATE
3.0–5.5
HIGH
5.5–7.5
CRITICAL
7.5–10
1.0

The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.

What drove the Low classification for Cardamom

GIRI Score 1.0 / 10

A score of 1.0 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Evidence Quantity (Q) 0 / 10 refs

0 approved references.

Evidence Quality (L) 50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).

Evidence Direction (D) 50% toward risk

Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.

Safety Signals (S) 0 active signals

No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.

Regulatory Status No restrictions found

No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).

How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?

The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:

LevelScoreMeaning
LOW0.0 – 2.9Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts.
MODERATE3.0 – 5.4Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups.
HIGH5.5 – 7.4Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended.
CRITICAL7.5 – 10Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision.

Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.

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