ოთხშაბათი, აპრილი 15, 2026
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Global Ingredient Risk Index Mineral

Calcium Citrate

Calcium citrate

Also known as: calcium citrate, tricalcium dicitrate

LOW RISK 3.5/10 How?

This ingredient is classified as unclassified risk (GIRI score: 3.5/10).

02

Safety Profile

Known Safety Concerns

  • Same cardiovascular risk as other calcium supplements at high doses
  • Kidney stone risk in predisposed individuals
  • Better tolerated than carbonate -- less constipation
  • Still requires dose moderation; do not stack with carbonate

Contraindications

  • Same cardiovascular risk as other calcium supplements at high doses
  • Kidney stone risk in predisposed individuals
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03

Interactions

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

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04

Evidence and Scientific Findings

Overview

Ingredient Overview

Calcium citrate is better absorbed than calcium carbonate, especially without food or in people with low stomach acid. It provides approximately 21% elemental calcium by weight. Preferred for older adults and those on acid-suppressing medications. The same cardiovascular and kidney stone concerns apply as with all calcium supplements, though slightly lower due to better bioavailability at lower doses.

Classification

Biological and Chemical Classification

Scientific Name
Calcium citrate
Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Clinical Evidence

Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Dosage

Recommended Dosage

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

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05

SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index

SETI Score 49/100
Risk Level High risk
Scientific Confidence Low
Evidence Strength Limited
Key Benefit Mineral
Key Safety Concern Same cardiovascular risk as other calcium supplements at high doses
Evidence Reviewed 10 PubMed studies
Scientific Confidence Low
Based on study quality, consistency, and recency

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

SETI Score 49/100
Risk Level High risk
Evidence Strength Limited
Main Benefit Mineral
Main Safety Concern Same cardiovascular risk as other calcium supplements at high doses
Ingredient Calcium Citrate
Scientific name Calcium citrate
Scientific Evidence Overview
  • 10 studies reviewed
  • 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
  • Main clinical benefit observed: Mineral
  • Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
Safety Signals
  • Same cardiovascular risk as other calcium supplements at high doses
  • Kidney stone risk in predisposed individuals
  • Better tolerated than carbonate -- less constipation
  • Still requires dose moderation; do not stack with carbonate
Evidence Strength Limited
Final Scientific Assessment

The available scientific evidence for Calcium Citrate indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.

Ingredient Calcium Citrate
Evidence reviewed 10 peer-reviewed studies (last 10 years)
Scientific name Calcium citrate
49 /100

Total SETI Score

High risk
Evidence quality 10/40
Evidence consistency 20/20
Safety signals 0/20
Study recency 9/10
Evidence transparency 10/10

Evidence Summary

  • 10 studies reviewed
  • 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
  • 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
  • 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)

Evidence Policy

Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.

Last updated: 24 მარ 2026, 11:01

Evidence Distribution

10 Other / unclassified
  1. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Effect of Calcium Citrate Versus Calcium Carbonate on Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of… ↗
    PMID 41806228 ↗
    Journal Obes Surg
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41806228/
    Rahmani J et al.. Effect of Calcium Citrate Versus Calcium Carbonate on Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. Obes Surg. 2026. PMID:41806228.
  2. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Translational framework combining machine learning and in vivo screening for aminoglycoside ototoxicity prevention. ↗
    PMID 41775114 ↗
    Journal Hear Res
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41775114/
    Han E et al.. Translational framework combining machine learning and in vivo screening for aminoglycoside ototoxicity prevention.. Hear Res. 2026. PMID:41775114.
  3. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Pure vs. mixed calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: metabolic determinants and stratified management strategies. ↗
    PMID 41746376 ↗
    Journal World J Urol
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41746376/
    Golomb D et al.. Pure vs. mixed calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: metabolic determinants and stratified management strategies.. World J Urol. 2026. PMID:41746376.
  4. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Evaluation of drug-excipient compatibility of ibuprofen with eggshell-derived calcium citrate using FTIR, DSC, and molecular docking studies. ↗
    PMID 41717430 ↗
    Journal In Silico Pharmacol
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41717430/
    Umeh ONC et al.. Evaluation of drug-excipient compatibility of ibuprofen with eggshell-derived calcium citrate using FTIR, DSC, and molecular docking studies.. In Silico Pharmacol. 2026. PMID:41717430.
  5. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Urinary calcium-to-citrate ratio predicts kidney stone risk in children under the age of two years. ↗
    PMID 41673302 ↗
    Journal Pediatr Nephrol
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41673302/
    Du00f6nger U et al.. Urinary calcium-to-citrate ratio predicts kidney stone risk in children under the age of two years.. Pediatr Nephrol. 2026. PMID:41673302.
  6. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    In situ Cau00b2u207au2011crossu2011linking effects on pectin-tragacanth films for fresh raspberry preservation. ↗
    PMID 41650817 ↗
    Journal Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41650817/
    Dobrucka R et al.. In situ Cau00b2u207au2011crossu2011linking effects on pectin-tragacanth films for fresh raspberry preservation.. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2026. PMID:41650817.
  7. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Self-Assembled Gel-like Aggregation States of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles. ↗
    PMID 41469187 ↗
    Journal Inorg Chem
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41469187/
    Shi W et al.. Self-Assembled Gel-like Aggregation States of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles.. Inorg Chem. 2026. PMID:41469187.
  8. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Erosive potential of energy drink modified by calcium formulations on dental enamel: An in vitro study. ↗
    PMID 41329760 ↗
    Journal PLoS One
    Year 2025
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41329760/
    Ju00e1come EVM et al.. Erosive potential of energy drink modified by calcium formulations on dental enamel: An in vitro study.. PLoS One. 2025. PMID:41329760.
  9. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Influence of Calcium Crosslinker Form on Alginate Hydrogel Properties. ↗
    PMID 41294570 ↗
    Journal Gels
    Year 2025
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41294570/
    Kapatsila S et al.. Influence of Calcium Crosslinker Form on Alginate Hydrogel Properties.. Gels. 2025. PMID:41294570.
  10. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Cystinuria. ↗
    PMID 41264765 ↗
    Year 1993
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41264765/
    Spasiano A et al.. Cystinuria.. 1993. PMID:41264765.
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06

Score Transparency

Q × L × D × S × 10 = 3.5 / 10

The GIRI Score is the product of four independently computed evidence components, each normalised to 0–1, then scaled to 0–10. Every component is derived exclusively from peer-reviewed references and regulatory data — no editorial judgement is applied.

Q
Evidence Quantity 0 / 10
0%

0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.

Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)

L
Evidence Quality 5 / 10
50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies

Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.

D
Evidence Direction 5 / 10
Benefit
Risk
50%

Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals

Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.

S
Safety Signals 5 / 10
50%

One or more monitoring-level safety signals active

Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.

0Q × 5L × 5D × 5S = 3.5 / 10

Final GIRI Score for Calcium Citrate. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Full methodology & data sources

The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.

  • References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
  • Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
  • Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
  • Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
07

Risk Level Classification

LOW RISK 3.5/10

Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.

LOW
0–3.0
MODERATE
3.0–5.5
HIGH
5.5–7.5
CRITICAL
7.5–10
3.5

The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.

What drove the Low classification for Calcium Citrate

GIRI Score 3.5 / 10

A score of 3.5 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Evidence Quantity (Q) 0 / 10 refs

0 approved references.

Evidence Quality (L) 50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).

Evidence Direction (D) 50% toward risk

Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.

Safety Signals (S) 0 active signals

No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.

Regulatory Status No restrictions found

No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).

How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?

The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:

LevelScoreMeaning
LOW0.0 – 2.9Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts.
MODERATE3.0 – 5.4Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups.
HIGH5.5 – 7.4Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended.
CRITICAL7.5 – 10Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision.

Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.

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