DO NOT USE — This ingredient is banned, prohibited, or linked to serious harm

This substance is prohibited in dietary supplements in one or more major jurisdictions, has been withdrawn from the market, or is an unapproved drug. Do not consume without direct supervision from a qualified medical professional.

Global Ingredient Risk Index Stimulant

BMPEA

β-Methylphenethylamine

Also known as: β-methyl-phenethylamine, N,N-diethyl-phenethylamine, acacia rigidula extract

23 მარ 2026

CRITICAL RISK 8.5/10 How?

This ingredient is classified as unclassified risk (GIRI score: 8.5/10).

Known Safety Concerns

Amphetamine-like structure — never studied for human safety
FDA found in numerous products labelled as Acacia rigidula
FDA warning letters issued
Severe cardiovascular risk: hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke
Anti-doping violation risk

Contraindications

Amphetamine-like structure — never studied for human safety
FDA found in numerous products labelled as Acacia rigidula

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Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

BMPEA is a synthetic amphetamine-like compound found in products falsely labelled as ‘Acacia rigidula’ extract. It has never been studied for human safety. The FDA has identified BMPEA in over a dozen products and issued warning letters. It is structurally similar to amphetamine and carries serious cardiovascular risks.

Scientific Name: β-Methylphenethylamine

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Scientific Confidence Low

Evidence Strength Limited

Key Benefit Stimulant

Key Safety Concern Amphetamine-like structure — never studied for human safety

Evidence Reviewed 10 PubMed studies

Scientific Confidence Low

Based on study quality, consistency, and recency

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

SETI Score 50/100

Risk Level High risk

Evidence Strength Limited

Main Benefit Stimulant

Main Safety Concern Amphetamine-like structure — never studied for human safety

Ingredient BMPEA

Scientific name β-Methylphenethylamine

Scientific Evidence Overview

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
Main clinical benefit observed: Stimulant
Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)

Safety Signals

Amphetamine-like structure — never studied for human safety
FDA found in numerous products labelled as Acacia rigidula
FDA warning letters issued
Severe cardiovascular risk: hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke
Anti-doping violation risk

Evidence Strength Limited

Final Scientific Assessment

The available scientific evidence for BMPEA indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.

Ingredient BMPEA

Evidence reviewed 10 peer-reviewed studies (last 10 years)

Scientific name β-Methylphenethylamine

50 /100

Total SETI Score

High risk

Evidence quality	10/40
Evidence consistency	20/20
Safety signals	0/20
Study recency	10/10
Evidence transparency	10/10

Evidence Summary

10 studies reviewed
0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)

Evidence Policy

Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.

Last updated: 15 აპრ 2026, 20:00

Evidence Distribution

10 Other / unclassified

Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Potential Cardiovascular Risks of Phenethylamine Analogues in Food Supplements: Evidence from Vasocontraction of Rat Artery Segments. ↗

PMID 41934574 ↗

Journal Cardiovasc Toxicol

Year 2026

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41934574/

Pinckaers NET et al.. Potential Cardiovascular Risks of Phenethylamine Analogues in Food Supplements: Evidence from Vasocontraction of Rat Artery Segments.. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2026. PMID:41934574.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Analysis of β-Methylphenethylamine (BMPEA) and Its Novel Metabolites in Rat Blood Using MMSPE and UPLC-qTOF-MS. ↗

PMID 41441231 ↗

Journal Toxics

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41441231/

Alamir A et al.. Analysis of β-Methylphenethylamine (BMPEA) and Its Novel Metabolites in Rat Blood Using MMSPE and UPLC-qTOF-MS.. Toxics. 2025. PMID:41441231.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Application of Molecular Ferroelectric in Photocatalytic Selective Oxidization of C(sp(3))─H Bonds. ↗

PMID 40192280 ↗

Journal Angew Chem Int Ed Engl

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40192280/

Hu H et al.. Application of Molecular Ferroelectric in Photocatalytic Selective Oxidization of C(sp(3))─H Bonds.. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2025. PMID:40192280.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation of human adrenergic and trace amine-associated receptor 1 potencies of pre-workout supplement ingredients using physiologically based kinetic… ↗

PMID 40178592 ↗

Journal Arch Toxicol

Year 2025

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40178592/

Pinckaers NET et al.. Quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation of human adrenergic and trace amine-associated receptor 1 potencies of pre-workout supplement ingredients using physiologically based kinetic modelling-based reverse dosimetry.. Arch Toxicol. 2025. PMID:40178592.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Chiral multiferroicity in two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. ↗

PMID 38956033 ↗

Journal Nat Commun

Year 2024

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38956033/

Zheng H et al.. Chiral multiferroicity in two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites.. Nat Commun. 2024. PMID:38956033.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Crystallization Assisted Dynamic Kinetic Resolution for the Synthesis of (R)-β-Methylphenethylamine. ↗

PMID 38602845 ↗

Journal Chembiochem

Year 2024

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38602845/

Belov F et al.. Crystallization Assisted Dynamic Kinetic Resolution for the Synthesis of (R)-β-Methylphenethylamine.. Chembiochem. 2024. PMID:38602845.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Reinforcing effects of phenethylamine analogs found in dietary supplements. ↗

PMID 36190536 ↗

Journal Psychopharmacology (Berl)

Year 2022

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36190536/

McGriff SA et al.. Reinforcing effects of phenethylamine analogs found in dietary supplements.. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2022. PMID:36190536.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Undeclared Doping Substances are Highly Prevalent in Commercial Sports Nutrition Supplements. ↗

PMID 34211326 ↗

Journal J Sports Sci Med

Year 2021

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34211326/

Duiven E et al.. Undeclared Doping Substances are Highly Prevalent in Commercial Sports Nutrition Supplements.. J Sports Sci Med. 2021. PMID:34211326.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
A Chiral Reduced-Dimension Perovskite for an Efficient Flexible Circularly Polarized Light Photodetector. ↗

PMID 31994286 ↗

Journal Angew Chem Int Ed Engl

Year 2020

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31994286/

Wang L et al.. A Chiral Reduced-Dimension Perovskite for an Efficient Flexible Circularly Polarized Light Photodetector.. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2020. PMID:31994286.
Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
Pharmacological profiles of compounds in preworkout supplements ("boosters"). ↗

PMID 31265842 ↗

Journal Eur J Pharmacol

Year 2019

Study type Observational / other

Evidence strength LOW evidence

PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31265842/

Rickli A et al.. Pharmacological profiles of compounds in preworkout supplements ("boosters").. Eur J Pharmacol. 2019. PMID:31265842.

Q × L × D × S × 10 = 8.5 / 10

The GIRI Score is the product of four independently computed evidence components, each normalised to 0–1, then scaled to 0–10. Every component is derived exclusively from peer-reviewed references and regulatory data — no editorial judgement is applied.

0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.

Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)

50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies

Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.

Benefit

Risk

50%

Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals

Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.

50%

One or more monitoring-level safety signals active

Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.

0Q × 5L × 5D × 5S = 8.5 / 10

Final GIRI Score for BMPEA. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Full methodology & data sources

The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.

References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.

CRITICAL RISK 8.5/10

Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a critical safety concern. Regulatory restrictions or bans are in place in multiple jurisdictions.

LOW
0–3.0

MODERATE
3.0–5.5

HIGH
5.5–7.5

CRITICAL
7.5–10

8.5

The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.

What drove the Critical classification for BMPEA

A score of 8.5 places this ingredient in the Critical band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

0 approved references.

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).

Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.

No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.

No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).

How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?

The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:

Level	Score	Meaning
LOW	0.0 – 2.9	Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts.
MODERATE	3.0 – 5.4	Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups.
HIGH	5.5 – 7.4	Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended.
CRITICAL	7.5 – 10	Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision.

Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.

← Back to Ingredient Database

BMPEA

Safety Profile

Known Safety Concerns

Contraindications

Interactions

Evidence and Scientific Findings

Ingredient Overview

Biological and Chemical Classification

Mechanism of Action

Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness

Pharmacokinetics

Recommended Dosage

SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

Evidence Summary

Evidence Policy

Evidence Distribution

Score Transparency

Risk Level Classification

What drove the Critical classification for BMPEA

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