Safety Profile
Known Safety Concerns
- Amphetamine-like structure — never studied for human safety
- FDA found in numerous products labelled as Acacia rigidula
- FDA warning letters issued
- Severe cardiovascular risk: hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke
- Anti-doping violation risk
Contraindications
- Amphetamine-like structure — never studied for human safety
- FDA found in numerous products labelled as Acacia rigidula
Interactions
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Evidence and Scientific Findings
Ingredient Overview
BMPEA is a synthetic amphetamine-like compound found in products falsely labelled as ‘Acacia rigidula’ extract. It has never been studied for human safety. The FDA has identified BMPEA in over a dozen products and issued warning letters. It is structurally similar to amphetamine and carries serious cardiovascular risks.
Biological and Chemical Classification
- Scientific Name
- β-Methylphenethylamine
Mechanism of Action
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Pharmacokinetics
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Recommended Dosage
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index
Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
- Main clinical benefit observed: Stimulant
- Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
- Amphetamine-like structure — never studied for human safety
- FDA found in numerous products labelled as Acacia rigidula
- FDA warning letters issued
- Severe cardiovascular risk: hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke
- Anti-doping violation risk
The available scientific evidence for BMPEA indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.
Total SETI Score
High risk| Evidence quality | 10/40 |
| Evidence consistency | 20/20 |
| Safety signals | 0/20 |
| Study recency | 10/10 |
| Evidence transparency | 10/10 |
Evidence Summary
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
- 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
- 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)
Evidence Policy
Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.
Last updated: 30 აპრ 2026, 08:48
Evidence Distribution
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWPotential Cardiovascular Risks of Phenethylamine Analogues in Food Supplements: Evidence from Vasocontraction of Rat Artery Segments. ↗Pinckaers NET et al.. Potential Cardiovascular Risks of Phenethylamine Analogues in Food Supplements: Evidence from Vasocontraction of Rat Artery Segments.. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2026. PMID:41934574.PMID 41934574 ↗Journal Cardiovasc ToxicolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41934574/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAnalysis of β-Methylphenethylamine (BMPEA) and Its Novel Metabolites in Rat Blood Using MMSPE and UPLC-qTOF-MS. ↗Alamir A et al.. Analysis of β-Methylphenethylamine (BMPEA) and Its Novel Metabolites in Rat Blood Using MMSPE and UPLC-qTOF-MS.. Toxics. 2025. PMID:41441231.PMID 41441231 ↗Journal ToxicsYear 2025Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41441231/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWApplication of Molecular Ferroelectric in Photocatalytic Selective Oxidization of C(sp(3))─H Bonds. ↗Hu H et al.. Application of Molecular Ferroelectric in Photocatalytic Selective Oxidization of C(sp(3))─H Bonds.. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2025. PMID:40192280.PMID 40192280 ↗Journal Angew Chem Int Ed EnglYear 2025Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40192280/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWQuantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation of human adrenergic and trace amine-associated receptor 1 potencies of pre-workout supplement ingredients using physiologically based kinetic… ↗Pinckaers NET et al.. Quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation of human adrenergic and trace amine-associated receptor 1 potencies of pre-workout supplement ingredients using physiologically based kinetic modelling-based reverse dosimetry.. Arch Toxicol. 2025. PMID:40178592.PMID 40178592 ↗Journal Arch ToxicolYear 2025Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40178592/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWChiral multiferroicity in two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. ↗Zheng H et al.. Chiral multiferroicity in two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites.. Nat Commun. 2024. PMID:38956033.PMID 38956033 ↗Journal Nat CommunYear 2024Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38956033/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWCrystallization Assisted Dynamic Kinetic Resolution for the Synthesis of (R)-β-Methylphenethylamine. ↗Belov F et al.. Crystallization Assisted Dynamic Kinetic Resolution for the Synthesis of (R)-β-Methylphenethylamine.. Chembiochem. 2024. PMID:38602845.PMID 38602845 ↗Journal ChembiochemYear 2024Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38602845/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWReinforcing effects of phenethylamine analogs found in dietary supplements. ↗McGriff SA et al.. Reinforcing effects of phenethylamine analogs found in dietary supplements.. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2022. PMID:36190536.PMID 36190536 ↗Journal Psychopharmacology (Berl)Year 2022Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36190536/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWUndeclared Doping Substances are Highly Prevalent in Commercial Sports Nutrition Supplements. ↗Duiven E et al.. Undeclared Doping Substances are Highly Prevalent in Commercial Sports Nutrition Supplements.. J Sports Sci Med. 2021. PMID:34211326.PMID 34211326 ↗Journal J Sports Sci MedYear 2021Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34211326/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWA Chiral Reduced-Dimension Perovskite for an Efficient Flexible Circularly Polarized Light Photodetector. ↗Wang L et al.. A Chiral Reduced-Dimension Perovskite for an Efficient Flexible Circularly Polarized Light Photodetector.. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2020. PMID:31994286.PMID 31994286 ↗Journal Angew Chem Int Ed EnglYear 2020Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31994286/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWPharmacological profiles of compounds in preworkout supplements ("boosters"). ↗Rickli A et al.. Pharmacological profiles of compounds in preworkout supplements ("boosters").. Eur J Pharmacol. 2019. PMID:31265842.PMID 31265842 ↗Journal Eur J PharmacolYear 2019Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31265842/
Score Transparency
0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.
Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies
Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.
Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals
Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.
One or more monitoring-level safety signals active
Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.
Final GIRI Score for BMPEA. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
Full methodology & data sources
The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.
- References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
- Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
- Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
- Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Risk Level Classification
Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a critical safety concern. Regulatory restrictions or bans are in place in multiple jurisdictions.
0–3.0
3.0–5.5
5.5–7.5
7.5–10
The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.
What drove the Critical classification for BMPEA
A score of 8.5 places this ingredient in the Critical band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
0 approved references.
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).
Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.
No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.
No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).
How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?
The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:
| Level | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| LOW | 0.0 – 2.9 | Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts. |
| MODERATE | 3.0 – 5.4 | Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups. |
| HIGH | 5.5 – 7.4 | Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended. |
| CRITICAL | 7.5 – 10 | Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision. |
Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.