ოთხშაბათი, აპრილი 15, 2026
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Global Ingredient Risk Index Botanical

Bilberry

Vaccinium myrtillus

Also known as: Bilberry extract, Bilberry fruit extract, Vaccinium myrtillus extract, Bilberry anthocyanins, European blueberry

LOW RISK 2.0/10 How?

This ingredient is classified as unclassified risk.

02

Safety Profile

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

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03

Interactions

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

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04

Evidence and Scientific Findings

Overview

Ingredient Overview

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is rich in anthocyanins used for eye health, microcirculation, and antioxidant support. It is very well tolerated. It has mild antiplatelet and anticoagulant properties — use with caution in patients on warfarin or antiplatelet agents. May mildly lower blood glucose; caution in diabetic patients on medication. No significant toxicity reported at standard doses (160–320 mg standardized extract per day).

Classification

Biological and Chemical Classification

Scientific Name
Vaccinium myrtillus
Mechanism

Mechanism of Action

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Clinical Evidence

Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

Dosage

Recommended Dosage

Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.

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05

SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index

SETI Score 50/100
Risk Level High risk
Scientific Confidence Low
Evidence Strength Limited
Key Benefit Botanical
Evidence Reviewed 10 PubMed studies
Scientific Confidence Low
Based on study quality, consistency, and recency

Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment

SETI Score 50/100
Risk Level High risk
Evidence Strength Limited
Main Benefit Botanical
Ingredient Bilberry
Scientific name Vaccinium myrtillus
Scientific Evidence Overview
  • 10 studies reviewed
  • 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
  • Main clinical benefit observed: Botanical
  • Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
Safety Signals
  • No significant safety signals identified in the reviewed literature.
Evidence Strength Limited
Final Scientific Assessment

The available scientific evidence for Bilberry indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.

Ingredient Bilberry
Evidence reviewed 10 peer-reviewed studies (last 10 years)
Scientific name Vaccinium myrtillus
50 /100

Total SETI Score

High risk
Evidence quality 10/40
Evidence consistency 20/20
Safety signals 0/20
Study recency 10/10
Evidence transparency 10/10

Evidence Summary

  • 10 studies reviewed
  • 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
  • 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
  • 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)

Evidence Policy

Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.

Last updated: 06 აპრ 2026, 12:11

Evidence Distribution

10 Other / unclassified
  1. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Standardized Berry Extract Improves Selected Visual Function Outcomes in Presbyopia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial with Exploratory Biomarker Analysis. ↗
    PMID 41901190 ↗
    Journal Nutrients
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41901190/
    Szumny D et al.. Standardized Berry Extract Improves Selected Visual Function Outcomes in Presbyopia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial with Exploratory Biomarker Analysis.. Nutrients. 2026. PMID:41901190.
  2. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus by coordinating TGR5/FXR signaling via a gut microbiota-bile acid axis. ↗
    PMID 41869696 ↗
    Journal Food Funct
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41869696/
    Jiang S et al.. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus by coordinating TGR5/FXR signaling via a gut microbiota-bile acid axis.. Food Funct. 2026. PMID:41869696.
  3. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Modulation of Glycemic Control by Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf Extract: Impact of Inulin Co-Administration. ↗
    PMID 41829175 ↗
    Journal Foods
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41829175/
    u017divkoviu0107 J et al.. Modulation of Glycemic Control by Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf Extract: Impact of Inulin Co-Administration.. Foods. 2026. PMID:41829175.
  4. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Influence of elevation and shrub age on element accumulation in Vaccinium myrtillus in the alpine zone of the Low Tatras. ↗
    PMID 41793554 ↗
    Journal Environ Monit Assess
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41793554/
    Ballovu00e1 ZK et al.. Influence of elevation and shrub age on element accumulation in Vaccinium myrtillus in the alpine zone of the Low Tatras.. Environ Monit Assess. 2026. PMID:41793554.
  5. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Modulation of Ochratoxin A-Induced Oxidative Stress and Gene Expression by Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in an In Vitro Intestinal Model. ↗
    PMID 41754813 ↗
    Journal Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41754813/
    Pau0219ca D et al.. Modulation of Ochratoxin A-Induced Oxidative Stress and Gene Expression by Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in an In Vitro Intestinal Model.. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2026. PMID:41754813.
  6. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    From Agro-Waste to Therapeutic Potential: Spasmolytic Mechanisms of Vaccinium myrtillus L. Leaf Extract on Isolated Rat Ileum. ↗
    PMID 41681668 ↗
    Journal Plants (Basel)
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41681668/
    Kitiu0107 N et al.. From Agro-Waste to Therapeutic Potential: Spasmolytic Mechanisms of Vaccinium myrtillus L. Leaf Extract on Isolated Rat Ileum.. Plants (Basel). 2026. PMID:41681668.
  7. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Forest stand characteristics drive the macronutrient composition of Vaccinium winter forage for cervids. ↗
    PMID 41641575 ↗
    Journal Ecol Appl
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41641575/
    Felton AM et al.. Forest stand characteristics drive the macronutrient composition of Vaccinium winter forage for cervids.. Ecol Appl. 2026. PMID:41641575.
  8. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    A Review of Major Compounds in Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Fruits and Leaves: Isolation, Purification, and Their Antiaging Effects. ↗
    PMID 41599963 ↗
    Journal Nutrients
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41599963/
    Patra JK et al.. A Review of Major Compounds in Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Fruits and Leaves: Isolation, Purification, and Their Antiaging Effects.. Nutrients. 2026. PMID:41599963.
  9. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Advances in Micro- and Macrobiological Strategies for Pest Control in Berry Production Systems: A Critical Review. ↗
    PMID 41515089 ↗
    Journal Plants (Basel)
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41515089/
    Gutiu00e9rrez-Cu00e1rdenas OG et al.. Advances in Micro- and Macrobiological Strategies for Pest Control in Berry Production Systems: A Critical Review.. Plants (Basel). 2026. PMID:41515089.
  10. Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOW
    Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Peel-Enriched Pomace as Natural Anticancer Agents: Preclinical Evidence from Breast Carcinoma Models Supporting Preventive and Personalized Treatment Strategies. ↗
    PMID 41461266 ↗
    Journal J Nutr
    Year 2026
    Study type Observational / other
    Evidence strength LOW evidence
    PubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41461266/
    Dvorska D et al.. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Peel-Enriched Pomace as Natural Anticancer Agents: Preclinical Evidence from Breast Carcinoma Models Supporting Preventive and Personalized Treatment Strategies.. J Nutr. 2026. PMID:41461266.
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06

Score Transparency

Q × L × D × S × 10 = 2.0 / 10

The GIRI Score is the product of four independently computed evidence components, each normalised to 0–1, then scaled to 0–10. Every component is derived exclusively from peer-reviewed references and regulatory data — no editorial judgement is applied.

Q
Evidence Quantity 0 / 10
0%

0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.

Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)

L
Evidence Quality 5 / 10
50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies

Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.

D
Evidence Direction 5 / 10
Benefit
Risk
50%

Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals

Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.

S
Safety Signals 5 / 10
50%

One or more monitoring-level safety signals active

Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.

0Q × 5L × 5D × 5S = 2.0 / 10

Final GIRI Score for Bilberry. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Full methodology & data sources

The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.

  • References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
  • Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
  • Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
  • Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
07

Risk Level Classification

LOW RISK 2.0/10

Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.

LOW
0–3.0
MODERATE
3.0–5.5
HIGH
5.5–7.5
CRITICAL
7.5–10
2.0

The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.

What drove the Low classification for Bilberry

GIRI Score 2.0 / 10

A score of 2.0 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.

Evidence Quantity (Q) 0 / 10 refs

0 approved references.

Evidence Quality (L) 50%

Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).

Evidence Direction (D) 50% toward risk

Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.

Safety Signals (S) 0 active signals

No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.

Regulatory Status No restrictions found

No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).

How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?

The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:

LevelScoreMeaning
LOW0.0 – 2.9Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts.
MODERATE3.0 – 5.4Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups.
HIGH5.5 – 7.4Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended.
CRITICAL7.5 – 10Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision.

Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.

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