Safety Profile
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Interactions
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Evidence and Scientific Findings
Ingredient Overview
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is rich in anthocyanins used for eye health, microcirculation, and antioxidant support. It is very well tolerated. It has mild antiplatelet and anticoagulant properties — use with caution in patients on warfarin or antiplatelet agents. May mildly lower blood glucose; caution in diabetic patients on medication. No significant toxicity reported at standard doses (160–320 mg standardized extract per day).
Biological and Chemical Classification
- Scientific Name
- Vaccinium myrtillus
Mechanism of Action
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Pharmacokinetics
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Recommended Dosage
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index
Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
- Main clinical benefit observed: Botanical
- Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
- No significant safety signals identified in the reviewed literature.
The available scientific evidence for Bilberry indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.
Total SETI Score
High risk| Evidence quality | 10/40 |
| Evidence consistency | 20/20 |
| Safety signals | 0/20 |
| Study recency | 10/10 |
| Evidence transparency | 10/10 |
Evidence Summary
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
- 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
- 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)
Evidence Policy
Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.
Last updated: 06 აპრ 2026, 12:11
Evidence Distribution
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWStandardized Berry Extract Improves Selected Visual Function Outcomes in Presbyopia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial with Exploratory Biomarker Analysis. ↗Szumny D et al.. Standardized Berry Extract Improves Selected Visual Function Outcomes in Presbyopia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial with Exploratory Biomarker Analysis.. Nutrients. 2026. PMID:41901190.PMID 41901190 ↗Journal NutrientsYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41901190/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWBilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus by coordinating TGR5/FXR signaling via a gut microbiota-bile acid axis. ↗Jiang S et al.. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus by coordinating TGR5/FXR signaling via a gut microbiota-bile acid axis.. Food Funct. 2026. PMID:41869696.PMID 41869696 ↗Journal Food FunctYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41869696/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWModulation of Glycemic Control by Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf Extract: Impact of Inulin Co-Administration. ↗u017divkoviu0107 J et al.. Modulation of Glycemic Control by Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf Extract: Impact of Inulin Co-Administration.. Foods. 2026. PMID:41829175.PMID 41829175 ↗Journal FoodsYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41829175/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWInfluence of elevation and shrub age on element accumulation in Vaccinium myrtillus in the alpine zone of the Low Tatras. ↗Ballovu00e1 ZK et al.. Influence of elevation and shrub age on element accumulation in Vaccinium myrtillus in the alpine zone of the Low Tatras.. Environ Monit Assess. 2026. PMID:41793554.PMID 41793554 ↗Journal Environ Monit AssessYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41793554/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWModulation of Ochratoxin A-Induced Oxidative Stress and Gene Expression by Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in an In Vitro Intestinal Model. ↗Pau0219ca D et al.. Modulation of Ochratoxin A-Induced Oxidative Stress and Gene Expression by Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in an In Vitro Intestinal Model.. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2026. PMID:41754813.PMID 41754813 ↗Journal Pharmaceuticals (Basel)Year 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41754813/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWFrom Agro-Waste to Therapeutic Potential: Spasmolytic Mechanisms of Vaccinium myrtillus L. Leaf Extract on Isolated Rat Ileum. ↗Kitiu0107 N et al.. From Agro-Waste to Therapeutic Potential: Spasmolytic Mechanisms of Vaccinium myrtillus L. Leaf Extract on Isolated Rat Ileum.. Plants (Basel). 2026. PMID:41681668.PMID 41681668 ↗Journal Plants (Basel)Year 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41681668/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWForest stand characteristics drive the macronutrient composition of Vaccinium winter forage for cervids. ↗Felton AM et al.. Forest stand characteristics drive the macronutrient composition of Vaccinium winter forage for cervids.. Ecol Appl. 2026. PMID:41641575.PMID 41641575 ↗Journal Ecol ApplYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41641575/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWA Review of Major Compounds in Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Fruits and Leaves: Isolation, Purification, and Their Antiaging Effects. ↗Patra JK et al.. A Review of Major Compounds in Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Fruits and Leaves: Isolation, Purification, and Their Antiaging Effects.. Nutrients. 2026. PMID:41599963.PMID 41599963 ↗Journal NutrientsYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41599963/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAdvances in Micro- and Macrobiological Strategies for Pest Control in Berry Production Systems: A Critical Review. ↗Gutiu00e9rrez-Cu00e1rdenas OG et al.. Advances in Micro- and Macrobiological Strategies for Pest Control in Berry Production Systems: A Critical Review.. Plants (Basel). 2026. PMID:41515089.PMID 41515089 ↗Journal Plants (Basel)Year 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41515089/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWBilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Peel-Enriched Pomace as Natural Anticancer Agents: Preclinical Evidence from Breast Carcinoma Models Supporting Preventive and Personalized Treatment Strategies. ↗Dvorska D et al.. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Peel-Enriched Pomace as Natural Anticancer Agents: Preclinical Evidence from Breast Carcinoma Models Supporting Preventive and Personalized Treatment Strategies.. J Nutr. 2026. PMID:41461266.PMID 41461266 ↗Journal J NutrYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41461266/
Score Transparency
0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.
Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies
Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.
Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals
Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.
One or more monitoring-level safety signals active
Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.
Final GIRI Score for Bilberry. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
Full methodology & data sources
The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.
- References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
- Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
- Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
- Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Risk Level Classification
Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.
0–3.0
3.0–5.5
5.5–7.5
7.5–10
The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.
What drove the Low classification for Bilberry
A score of 2.0 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
0 approved references.
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).
Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.
No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.
No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).
How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?
The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:
| Level | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| LOW | 0.0 – 2.9 | Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts. |
| MODERATE | 3.0 – 5.4 | Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups. |
| HIGH | 5.5 – 7.4 | Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended. |
| CRITICAL | 7.5 – 10 | Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision. |
Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.