Safety Profile
Known Safety Concerns
- Original bovine-brain PS replaced by soy-derived due to BSE -- check source
- Anticoagulant properties -- caution with blood thinners
- Rare GI side effects
- FDA qualified health claim -- evidence is modest
Contraindications
- Original bovine-brain PS replaced by soy-derived due to BSE -- check source
- Anticoagulant properties -- caution with blood thinners
Interactions
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Evidence and Scientific Findings
Ingredient Overview
Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid critical for neuronal membrane structure. Evidence supports modest benefit for age-related cognitive decline. FDA allows a qualified health claim (with stated lack of significant scientific agreement). Well tolerated. May have anticoagulant properties. Original bovine cortex-derived PS was replaced by soy-derived due to BSE concerns.
Biological and Chemical Classification
- Scientific Name
- Phosphatidylserine (PS) from soy or sunflower lecithin
Mechanism of Action
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Pharmacokinetics
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
Recommended Dosage
Information not yet available for this ingredient profile.
SETI — Scientific Evidence Transparency Index
Executive Summary — Ingredient Assessment
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or RCT)
- Main clinical benefit observed: Metabolic
- Evidence consistency: High consistency across studies (100%)
- Original bovine-brain PS replaced by soy-derived due to BSE -- check source
- Anticoagulant properties -- caution with blood thinners
- Rare GI side effects
- FDA qualified health claim -- evidence is modest
The available scientific evidence for Phosphatidylserine indicates notable safety signals that warrant caution. Use should be considered carefully and monitored, particularly in sensitive populations or alongside other medications.
Total SETI Score
High risk| Evidence quality | 10/40 |
| Evidence consistency | 20/20 |
| Safety signals | 0/20 |
| Study recency | 10/10 |
| Evidence transparency | 10/10 |
Evidence Summary
- 10 studies reviewed
- 0 high-quality studies (meta-analysis or systematic review)
- 0 studies identified benefits or no safety concern (GREEN)
- 10 studies reported limited or advisory safety evidence (YELLOW)
Evidence Policy
Only peer-reviewed scientific literature indexed in PubMed or comparable databases is included in this evaluation. Commercial websites, blogs, and marketing materials are excluded. All references include direct traceable links to source documents.
Last updated: 25 მარ 2026, 17:36
Evidence Distribution
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAllicin based inhibition of eryptosis: A novel therapeutic approach against hyperosmolarity triggered anemia. ↗Abdul Bari Khan M et al.. Allicin based inhibition of eryptosis: A novel therapeutic approach against hyperosmolarity triggered anemia.. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2026. PMID:41879398.PMID 41879398 ↗Journal Pak J Pharm SciYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41879398/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWRice false smut fungus hijacks rice lipid signalling to manipulate floret development and immunity. ↗Xu Y et al.. Rice false smut fungus hijacks rice lipid signalling to manipulate floret development and immunity.. Nat Plants. 2026. PMID:41872469.PMID 41872469 ↗Journal Nat PlantsYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41872469/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAutoantibodies induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection underlie the severity of acute lung injury in children. ↗Huang H et al.. Autoantibodies induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection underlie the severity of acute lung injury in children.. Mucosal Immunol. 2026. PMID:41871741.PMID 41871741 ↗Journal Mucosal ImmunolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41871741/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWA multidimensional clinical prediction model for early screening of recurrent spontaneous abortion: integrating coagulation, immune, and endocrine markers. ↗Chen D et al.. A multidimensional clinical prediction model for early screening of recurrent spontaneous abortion: integrating coagulation, immune, and endocrine markers.. Front Immunol. 2026. PMID:41869299.PMID 41869299 ↗Journal Front ImmunolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41869299/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWLipidomic profiling of extracellular vesicles from breast and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer cell lines for identification of potential biomarkers. ↗Majchrzak OB et al.. Lipidomic profiling of extracellular vesicles from breast and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer cell lines for identification of potential biomarkers.. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2026. PMID:41864518.PMID 41864518 ↗Journal Eur J Pharm SciYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41864518/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWPPAR-u03b3 suppresses macrophage senescence and allergic airway inflammation through controlling lipid metabolic pathways. ↗Gu W et al.. PPAR-u03b3 suppresses macrophage senescence and allergic airway inflammation through controlling lipid metabolic pathways.. EBioMedicine. 2026. PMID:41864062.PMID 41864062 ↗Journal EBioMedicineYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41864062/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAlterations in the testicular lipidome after tumor irradiation and their potential modulation by long-term losartan treatment. ↗Nobre I et al.. Alterations in the testicular lipidome after tumor irradiation and their potential modulation by long-term losartan treatment.. Int J Radiat Biol. 2026. PMID:41860337.PMID 41860337 ↗Journal Int J Radiat BiolYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41860337/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWAssessment of Platelet Storage Lesions, Viability, and Function in Canine Platelet Concentrate Units Stored at 4u00b0C for 14 Days. ↗Farrell KS et al.. Assessment of Platelet Storage Lesions, Viability, and Function in Canine Platelet Concentrate Units Stored at 4u00b0C for 14 Days.. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2026. PMID:41859872.PMID 41859872 ↗Journal J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)Year 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41859872/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWMultiarmed Radially Amphiphilic Antimicrobial Polypeptides Enable Enhanced Recognition of Bacterial Phospholipid. ↗Yuan Y et al.. Multiarmed Radially Amphiphilic Antimicrobial Polypeptides Enable Enhanced Recognition of Bacterial Phospholipid.. Biomacromolecules. 2026. PMID:41855237.PMID 41855237 ↗Journal BiomacromoleculesYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41855237/
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Observational / other LOW evidence YELLOWLL-37 selectively targets Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes and exhibits antimalarial activity. ↗He X et al.. LL-37 selectively targets Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes and exhibits antimalarial activity.. PLoS Pathog. 2026. PMID:41843625.PMID 41843625 ↗Journal PLoS PathogYear 2026Study type Observational / otherEvidence strength LOW evidencePubMed link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41843625/
Score Transparency
0 of 10 approved references (score saturates at 10). More peer-reviewed studies = stronger evidence base.
Method: Q = number of approved references ÷ 10 (capped at 1.0)
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies
Method: L = mean study-level weight across approved references. Level 1 (meta-analysis / systematic review) = 1.0; Level 2 (RCT) = 0.8; Level 3 (cohort/case-control) = 0.6; Level 4 (case report) = 0.4; Level 5 (animal / in-vitro) = 0.2.
Mixed or neutral — roughly equal benefit and risk signals
Method: D = (sum of risk-scored references − sum of benefit-scored references) ÷ total evidence score, then scaled from [−1, 1] to [0, 1]. 0.0 = pure benefit; 0.5 = neutral; 1.0 = pure risk.
One or more monitoring-level safety signals active
Method: S = 0.5 (neutral baseline) + sum of active signal severity deltas ÷ 10. Severity deltas: Critical = +2.0, High = +1.5, Moderate = +1.0, Low = +0.5. Capped at 1.0.
Final GIRI Score for Phosphatidylserine. Risk level thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
Full methodology & data sources
The GIRI Score is computed entirely from structured data — no editorial scoring or subjective weighting is applied at any step.
- References: Only approved references are counted. Each reference is assigned an evidence level (L1–L5) and a direction (risk / neutral / benefit) by the reference manager or AI classifier.
- Safety Signals: Sourced from regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others) and pharmacovigilance databases. Only active signals count toward the score.
- Formula version: GIRI Score v3.7.0 — Q × L × D × S × 10.
- Limitations: The score reflects published evidence and recorded signals as of the last update date. It is not a clinical risk assessment and should not replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.
Risk Level Classification
Based on available regulatory signals and scientific evidence, this ingredient presents a low safety concern under normal conditions of use.
0–3.0
3.0–5.5
5.5–7.5
7.5–10
The score pin shows exactly where this ingredient falls on the fixed risk scale.
What drove the Low classification for Phosphatidylserine
A score of 3.0 places this ingredient in the Low band. Thresholds: Low 0–3.0 · Moderate 3.0–5.5 · High 5.5–7.5 · Critical 7.5–10.
0 approved references.
Limited — mostly case reports or animal studies (Level 4–5).
Neutral or mixed — benefit and risk signals roughly balanced.
No active signals — S component is at neutral baseline (0.5), contributing no extra risk weight.
No major regulatory restrictions or advisories recorded across monitored jurisdictions (FDA, EMA, Health Canada, TGA, and others).
How are the Low / Moderate / High / Critical thresholds defined?
The four risk levels are fixed score bands. A score is assigned to exactly one level based on where it falls:
| Level | Score | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| LOW | 0.0 – 2.9 | Sparse or predominantly beneficial evidence. No active safety alerts. |
| MODERATE | 3.0 – 5.4 | Mixed signals — some risk alongside benefit. Caution at high doses or in sensitive groups. |
| HIGH | 5.5 – 7.4 | Multiple studies or regulatory alerts documenting adverse effects. Professional oversight recommended. |
| CRITICAL | 7.5 – 10 | Regulatory restrictions in one or more major jurisdictions. Serious documented harm. Avoid without specialist supervision. |
Thresholds are fixed constants (GIRI_Score_Utils::LEVEL_THRESHOLDS). They do not change per ingredient and are never subject to editorial adjustment.